Articles: transthyretin.
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Familial amyloid polyneuropathy related to transthyretin gene (TTR-FAP) is a life-threatening disease transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait. Val30Met mutation accounts for the majority of the patients with large endemic foci especially in Portugal, Sweden and Japan. However, more than one hundred other mutations have been described worldwide. A great phenotypic variability among patients with late- and early-onset has been reported. ⋯ This survey highlighted a prevalence of 8.8/1,000,000 in Sicily Island. Good knowledge of the natural history of the disease according to different TTR mutations allow clinicians to optimise multiprofessional care for patients and to offer carriers a personalized follow-up to reveal first signs of the disease.
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Neuromuscul. Disord. · Jun 2015
Case ReportsTransthyretin V122I amyloidosis with clinical and histological evidence of amyloid neuropathy and myopathy.
Hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR) is a genetically and clinically heterogeneous disease manifesting with predominant peripheral and autonomic neuropathy; cardiomyopathy, or both. ATTR V122I is the most common variant associated with non-neuropathic familial amyloid cardiomyopathy. We present an unusual case of V122I amyloidosis with features of amyloid neuropathy and myopathy, supported by histological confirmation in both sites and diffuse tracer uptake on (99m)Tc-3,3-Diphosphono-1,2-Propanodicarboxylic acid (DPD) scintigraphy throughout skeletal and cardiac muscle. ⋯ The patient is being treated with diflunisal, an oral TTR stabilising agent. Symptomatic myopathy and neuropathy with confirmation of tissue amyloid deposition has not previously been described. Extracardiac amyloidosis has implications for diagnosis and treatment.
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Evaluation of the impact of liver transplantation in the natural history of ocular disorders in familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP) amyloidosis TTR V30M related (ATTR V30M) patients. ⋯ Ocular manifestations of FAP were not influenced by liver transplantation in a meaningful way. Both transplanted and non-transplanted FAP patients need similar regular follow-up due to long-term risk of serious ocular disease.
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Transthyretin (TTR) amyloidosis (ATTR amyloidosis) is a multisystemic, multigenotypic disease resulting from deposition of insoluble ATTR amyloid fibrils in various organs and tissues. Although considered rare, the prevalence of this serious disease is likely underestimated because symptoms can be non-specific and diagnosis largely relies on amyloid detection in tissue biopsies. Treatment is guided by which tissues/organs are involved, although therapeutic options are limited for patients with late-stage disease. ⋯ Another therapeutic approach is to reduce production of the amyloidogenic protein, TTR. Plasma TTR concentration can be significantly reduced with ISIS-TTR(Rx), an investigational antisense oligonucleotide-based drug, or with patisiran and revusiran, which are investigational RNA interference-based therapeutics that target the liver. The evolving treatment landscape for ATTR amyloidosis brings hope for further improvements in clinical outcomes for patients with this debilitating disease.
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Transthyretin (TTR) V122I (rs76992529) is one of 111 variants caused by point mutations in the coding sequence of the human TTR gene that are associated with systemic amyloidosis. It results from a G to A transition at a CG dinucleotide in codon 142(122 of the mature protein) of the gene and has been described almost exclusively in people of African descent. Several series have reported allele frequencies from 0.015 to 0.020 in African-Americans. ⋯ The allele prevalence for TTR V122I in African-Americans is 0.0173. Of African-Americans under age 65, 3.43% carry at least one copy of the variant amyloidogenic allele.