Articles: anesthetics.
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The mesopontine tegmental anesthesia area (MPTA) is a focal brainstem locus which, when exposed to GABAergic agents, induces brain-state transitioning from wakefulness to unconsciousness. Correspondingly, MPTA lesions render animals relatively insensitive to GABAergic anesthetics delivered systemically. Using chemogenetics, we recently identified a neuronal subpopulation within the MPTA whose excitation induces this same pro-anesthetic effect. ⋯ We conclude that GABAAδ-Rs are the primary molecular target of GABAergic anesthetics in the MPTA. Immunolabeling revealed that this GABAA-R isoform is expressed exclusively by a distinct subpopulation of MPTA "δ-cells" that reside in close apposition to effector neurons. This suggests that during wakefulness, δ-cells serve as inhibitory interneurons which, when silenced by GABAergic agents, disinhibit (excite) the effector-neurons, triggering transition to unconsciousness.
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To explore the effect of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and MCI with sleep disorders on the potency of sevoflurane anesthesia in the elderly. ⋯ Patients with MCI with sleep disorders required higher doses of sevoflurane than those with MCI alone. Changes in anesthetic requirements may be related to changes in MCH levels.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Effect of continuous infusion in alleviating pain during male urethral catheterization.
The aim of this study was to explore whether continuous infusion causing lubrication can effectively alleviate pain during male urethral catheterization. ⋯ Continuous infusion with sterilized water during catheterization is an efficient method for lubricating the urethral mucosa; furthermore, infusion with 2% lidocaine provides better analgesia as well as lubrication.