Articles: anesthetics.
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Propofol, a commonly used intravenous anesthetic, is associated with various respiratory adverse events, most notably different degrees of respiratory depression, which pose significant concerns for patient safety. Respiration is a fundamental behavior, with the initiation of breathing in mammals dependent on neuronal activity in the lower brainstem. Previous studies have suggested that propofol-induced respiratory depression might be associated with glutamatergic neurons in the pre-Bötzinger complex (preBötC), though the precise mechanisms are not well understood. In this study, we classify glutamatergic neurons in the brainstem preBötC using whole-cell patch-clamp techniques and investigate the effects of propofol on the electrophysiological properties of these neurons. Our findings aim to shed light on the mechanisms of propofol-induced respiratory depression and provide new experimental insights. ⋯ Our study focuses on the glutamatergic neurons in the preBötC of adult mice. It introduces a novel method for classifying these neurons and reveals how propofol affects the activity of the two different types of glutamatergic neurons within the preBötC. These findings contribute to understanding the cellular basis of propofol-induced respiratory depression.
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Local infiltration analgesia (LIA) is a crucial component of multimodal analgesia that enhances recovery after total hip arthroplasty (THA) and knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, LIA can cause fatal local anesthetic systemic toxicity (LAST). The incidences of LIA-induced LAST in different surgeries and anesthetic agents have not been well investigated. ⋯ LIA was associated with a significantly higher risk of LAST in the THA group than in the TKA group. Propofol maintenance reduces the likelihood of seizures and tremors compared with sevoflurane inhalation. Exploring strategies to reduce the incidence of LIA-induced LAST is essential to improve perioperative patient safety.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Nov 2024
Glabridin Hypnosis in Zebrafish Larvae Is Associated With Effects on Multiple Anesthetic Target Receptors.
R-Glabridin is a major flavonoid of licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) root and known to modulate GABAA receptors, which are targets of many clinical hypnotics. However, R-glabridin hypnotic activity has not been reported in animals. ⋯ Our findings in zebrafish larvae indicate that IPMR inhibition by R-glabridin is more potent than S-glabridin and that β3-containing GABAA receptors contribute significantly to this behavioral effect. Molecular studies show that R-glabridin modulates at least 3 known anesthetic-sensitive ion channels, suggesting that it is a multimodal hypnotic.
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Minerva anestesiologica · Nov 2024
Comparison of remimazolam and propofol on postoperative subjective quality of recovery in patients undergoing general anesthesia: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Remimazolam, a recently approved drug for surgical sedation and general anesthesia, has been compared with propofol in previous studies regarding its efficacy as a general anesthetic. However, the question of whether remimazolam demonstrates non-inferiority to propofol in postoperative subjective quality of recovery (QoR) among patients under general anesthesia has not been definitively answered. ⋯ Remimazolam is similar to propofol in terms of postoperative subjective QoR for patients receiving general anesthesia.
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Journal of neurotrauma · Nov 2024
Genetic Differences Modify Anesthetic Preconditioning of Traumatic Brain Injury in Drosophila.
Pre-clinical vertebrate models of traumatic brain injury (TBI) routinely use anesthetics for animal welfare; however, humans experience TBI without anesthetics. Therefore, translation of findings from vertebrate models to humans hinges on understanding how anesthetics influence cellular and molecular events that lead to secondary injuries following TBI. To investigate the effects of anesthetics on TBI outcomes, we used an invertebrate Drosophila melanogaster model to compare outcomes between animals exposed or not exposed to anesthetics prior to the same primary injury. ⋯ Finally, genome-wide association study analyses identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms in genes associated with isoflurane or sevoflurane preconditioning of TBI. Several of the genes, including the fly ortholog of mammalian Calcium Voltage-Gated Subunit Alpha1 D (CACNA1D), are highly expressed in neurons and are functionally linked to both anesthetics and TBI. These data indicate that anesthetic dose and genetic background should be considered when investigating effects of anesthetics in vertebrate TBI models, and they support use of the fly model for elucidating the mechanisms underlying anesthetic preconditioning of TBI.