Articles: anesthetics.
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Regional-Anaesthesie · Sep 1990
[The effect of injection speed and needle gauge on the spread of sensory blockade in spinal anesthesia].
Unanimity has not yet been reached on the influence of injection speed and needle size on the spread of sensory blockade in spinal anesthesia. While McClure et al. [6] proved that a change in injection speed had no effect on the spread of the blockade, Lanz et al. [4] showed in their investigation that increasing injection speed increases the spread of the blockade. The influence of needle size has hardly been investigated so far. ⋯ No direct relation could be proved between the different injection speeds and the spread of the blockade. Our results are hardly comparable with those of other investigators, since other groups have used different local anesthetics or performed investigations in vitro. The use of large spinal needles is associated with spread of the spinal block to a significantly higher level than is achieved with thinner needles.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Sep 1990
Hepatocellular integrity in swine after prolonged desflurane (I-653) and isoflurane anesthesia: evaluation of plasma alanine aminotransferase activity.
Desflurane, formerly known as I-653 (CF2H-O-CFH-CF3), is a new inhalation anesthetic derived by fluorine substitution for the alpha-ethyl chlorine of isoflurane (CF2H-O-CClH-CF3). The lower solubility and increased stability of desflurane provided by the C-F bond lessen biotransformation to potentially hepatotoxic metabolites. Repeated administration of desflurane to rats, with or without induced hepatic enzymes, does not result in evidence of hepatic injury. ⋯ Plasma alanine aminotransferase activities remained in the normal range, and were not significantly greater over baseline values in samples drawn immediately after, 4 h after, or 3-8 days after (mean +/- SD, 6.1 +/- 2.1) the administration of either anesthetic was discontinued after the first study with either desflurane or isoflurane. Five additional pigs were given a mean total dose of 9.7 MAC-hours of desflurane or isoflurane in conjunction with succinylcholine, N2O, fentanyl, naloxone, atracurium, thiopental, edrophonium, and atropine. No changes in plasma alanine aminotransferase activity were detected in blood samples drawn at termination of the anesthesia, 24 h later, and 4-7 days later (mean +/- SD, 5.8 +/- 1.3).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)