Articles: anesthetics.
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The ankle block is a safe and effective means of providing sensory anesthesia to the foot. The nerve supply to the foot at the level of the ankle is relatively superficial and consists of five nerve branches. The posterior tibial, which supplies the plantar aspect of the foot; the saphenous, supplying the medial portion of the foot; the deep peroneal, supplying an area between the great and second toes; the superficial peroneal, two branches supplying the majority of the dorsum of the foot; and the sural nerve, which supplies the lateral aspect of the foot. Using a small amount of local anesthesia, these nerves can be effectively anesthetized to prepare areas of the foot for surgical intervention.
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Perioperative seizures have numerous potential etiologies. In general, when seizures occur during surgery, their onset often coincides with the introduction of a specific anesthetic or analgesic drug. Conversely, postoperative seizures are more commonly due to nonanesthetic causes. ⋯ Flurothyl, a fluorinated ether analogue, reliably produces convulsions in nonepileptic patients, whereas its structural isomer isoindoklon has not been associated with seizure activity. Other examples of isomer or structural analogue relationships that produce differential effects on neuronal hyperexcitability include enflurane-isoflurane and meperidine-normeperidine. In conclusion, the patient population (epileptic or nonepileptic), the method of documentation (EEG study or clinical observation), and the method of EEG analysis (cortical or depth electrodes) must be considered to properly analyze the proconvulsant and/or anticonvulsant properties of an anesthetic or analgesic drug.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Indian J. Physiol. Pharmacol. · Apr 1990
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialOur experience with EMLA Cream (for painless venous cannulation in children).
The local analgesic efficacy of EMLA Cream (a eutectic mixture of lidocaine and prilocaine; Astra Pharmaceuticals, Sweden) in reducing the pain at Venous cannulation was investigated in a randommized blind study in 75 children scheduled for elective surgery. In 25 children placebo cream and in 50 children, EMLA cream was applied at the site of venous cannulation 1 hour prior. EMLA Cream was found to be highly effective (84% patients in contrast to 16% patients in placebo group; P less than 0.005). Local side effects of EMLA Cream were negligible.
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A 28-year-old woman presented to the emergency department for treatment of a corneal abrasion. Shortly after inserting two drops of proparacaine hydrochloride eye drops into her conjunctival sac, she experienced a tonic-clonic seizure. The absorption, systemic effects, and side effects of topical ophthalmological preparations are discussed.