Articles: anesthetics.
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J. Pharm. Pharmacol. · Dec 1989
An in-vitro study of the interactions between intravenous induction agents and the calcium antagonists verapamil and nifedipine.
Thiopentone, propofol and etomidate inhibit the contractions of the rat isolated atria and portal vein. The actions of thiopentone and propofol summate with those of verapamil and nifedipine. ⋯ The depressant actions of thiopentone and propofol on the portal vein are associated with a reduced response to calcium. Etomidate does not reduce the response to calcium in this preparation.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Nov 1989
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialAcute toxicity of ropivacaine compared with that of bupivacaine.
The acute central nervous and cardiovascular effects of the local anesthetics ropivacaine and bupivacaine were compared in 12 volunteers in a randomized double-blind manner with use of intravenous infusions at a rate of 10 mg/min up to a maximal dose of 150 mg. The volunteers were all healthy men. They were familiarized with the central nervous system (CNS) toxic effects of local anesthetics by receiving a preliminary intravenous injection of lidocaine. ⋯ Stroke volume and ejection fraction were reduced. There was no change in cardiac output. Although both drugs caused evidence of depression of conductivity and contractility, these appeared at lower dosage and lower plasma concentrations with bupivacaine than with ropivacaine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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SPINA is a program developed with LOTUS 1-2-3 that simulates the pharmacokinetics of an infusion of intravenous anaesthetic drugs. SPINA incorporates a database which contains records of multiple-compartment pharmacokinetic models. The models have been obtained from the literature. ⋯ To perform the pharmacokinetic simulation, the anaesthetist has to choose a pharmacokinetic model in which the program determines the turn-over rates, and displays a sequence of infusion steps. On request, SPINA provides the graphs for the theoretical drug distribution and for the infusion rate required to maintain the target concentration. SPINA therefore allows one to simulate the administration of intravenous anaesthetic drugs and to optimize their delivery.