Articles: anesthetics.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Conventional stepwise vs. vital capacity rapid inhalation induction at two concentrations of sevoflurane.
A multicentre study was conducted to compare three methods of inhalation induction with sevoflurane in adult premedicated patients. ⋯ Inhalation induction of anaesthesia with sevoflurane with the three techniques tested is safe, reliable and well accepted by the patients. The vital capacity rapid inhalation group primed with sevoflurane 8% was the fastest method with no relevant side-effects.
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Multicenter Study Clinical Trial
Pharmacokinetics of levobupivacaine 0.25% following caudal administration in children under 2 years of age.
Levobupivacaine, the S(-)enantiomer of racemic bupivacaine is less cardiotoxic than racemic bupivacaine and the R(+)enantiomer dexbupivacaine, while retaining similar local anaesthetic properties and potency to racemic bupivacaine. The pharmacokinetic profiles of the two bupivacaine enantiomers differs and that of racemic bupivacaine may be age dependent. We examined the pharmacokinetics of levobupivacaine after its single shot caudal epidural administration in children. ⋯ After the caudal epidural administration of levobupivacaine 2 mg kg(-1) in children less than 2 yr of age, C(max) was within the accepted safe range for racemic bupivacaine. T(max) varied and occurred later in some children, particularly those aged less than 3 months. Sampling in future pharmacokinetic studies in this age group should extend beyond 60 min.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Clinical Trial
Pain and anxiety reduction using a manual stimulation distraction device when administering local analgesia oro-dental injections: a multi-center clinical investigation.
This study was designed to assess the effects of a manual stimulating distraction device (Isoflex referred to as Manual Stimulation Distraction Device or MSDD) for reducing pain and anxiety experienced with standard dental local anesthetic injections. Additionally, the memory recall effects on injection pain and anxiety were also explored. ⋯ In this study, MSDD was effective at reducing pain and stress experienced with local regional analgesic injections.
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Multicenter Study Clinical Trial
Effectiveness of the lidocaine patch 5% on pain qualities in three chronic pain states: assessment with the Neuropathic Pain Scale.
To determine the impact of the lidocaine patch 5% on pain qualities associated with chronic pain from postherpetic neuralgia (PHN), painful diabetic neuropathy (DN), and low-back pain (LBP), using the Neuropathic Pain Scale (NPS). ⋯ The lidocaine patch 5% effectively reduces the intensity of all common pain qualities in patients with moderate-to-severe chronic pain resulting from PHN, painful DN, or LBP. Treatment is well tolerated in combination with other analgesic regimens, with no reports of serious AEs or adverse drug interactions. Assessment scales such as the NPS may offer the possibility to differentiate between various pain states and to assess treatment outcomes for various pain qualities associated with a given pain state.