Articles: nausea.
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Physician Sportsmed · May 2015
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter StudyRandomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the efficacy and safety of biphasic immediate-release/extended-release hydrocodone bitartrate/acetaminophen tablets for acute postoperative pain.
A fixed-dose combination biphasic immediate-release (IR)/extended-release (ER) hydrocodone bitartrate (HB)/acetaminophen (APAP) tablet is being developed for the management of acute pain severe enough to require opioid treatment and for which alternative treatment options are inadequate. ⋯ IR/ER HB/APAP provided rapid, significant, and consistent analgesic efficacy over a period of 48 hours in an established model of acute pain and was tolerated with a safety profile similar to other low-dose opioids.
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Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) · May 2015
Randomized Controlled TrialQoL evaluation of olanzapine for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting comparing with 5-HT3 receptor antagonist.
This study evaluated the efficacy of olanzapine in preventing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) and improving the quality of life (QoL) of patients with cancer during chemotherapy. Two hundred twenty-nine patients with cancer who received chemotherapy from January 2008 to August 2008 were enrolled, and they were randomised to receive olanzapine or a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist. The patients completed a CINV questionnaire once daily on days 1-5 and a QoL questionnaire on days 0 and 6. ⋯ After chemotherapy, global health status, emotional functioning, and insomnia were improved in the olanzapine group but worsened in the 5-HT3 receptor antagonist group, whereas cognitive functioning and appetite loss were unchanged. Moreover, olanzapine significantly improved global health status, emotional functioning, social functioning, fatigue, nausea/vomiting, insomnia, and appetite loss. Olanzapine improved the QoL of patients with cancer during chemotherapy, in part by reducing the incidence of delayed CINV.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Effects of ethanol on the pharmacokinetics of extended-release oxycodone with sequestered naltrexone (ALO-02).
ALO-02 capsules, intended to deter abuse, contain pellets of extended-release oxycodone hydrochloride (HCl), an opioid agonist, surrounding sequestered naltrexone HCl, an opioid antagonist. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of administration of ALO-02 with 20 or 40 % ethanol on the pharmacokinetics of oxycodone. ⋯ Oxycodone exposures (Cmax) were unaffected when ALO-02 was administered with 20 % ethanol but Cmax increased by 37 % with 40 % ethanol versus water. ALO-02 administered with ethanol under naltrexone block was generally well tolerated.
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The lancet oncology · Apr 2015
Randomized Controlled TrialAprepitant for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in children: a randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trial.
Oral aprepitant, a neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist, is recommended in combination with other anti-emetic agents for the prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with moderately or highly emetogenic chemotherapy in adults, but its efficacy and safety in paediatric patients are unknown. We did this phase 3 trial to examine the safety and efficacy of such treatment in children. ⋯ Merck & Co., Inc.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study
Comparison of vestipitant with ondansetron for the treatment of breakthrough postoperative nausea and vomiting after failed prophylaxis with ondansetron.
Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is common; ondansetron is often used as prophylaxis or for breakthrough episodes. Vestipitant is a neurokinin 1 (NK-1) receptor antagonist that is effective for prophylaxis, but its efficacy for treating established PONV is unknown. This study was performed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of vestipitant, compared with ondansetron for the treatment of breakthrough PONV in patients who had already received prophylactic ondansetron before surgery. ⋯ NCT01507194.