Articles: nausea.
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Support Care Cancer · Apr 2002
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Clinical TrialA double-blind, randomised, parallel group, multinational, multicentre study comparing a single dose of ondansetron 24 mg p.o. with placebo and metoclopramide 10 mg t.d.s. p.o. in the treatment of opioid-induced nausea and emesis in cancer patients.
Nausea and emesis are common side effects of opioid drugs administered for pain relief in cancer patients. The aim of this study was to compare the anti-emetic efficacy and safety of ondansetron, placebo and metoclopramide in the treatment of opioid-induced nausea and emesis (OIE) in cancer patients. This was a multinational, multicentre, double-blind, parallel group study in which cancer patients who were receiving a full opioid agonist for cancer pain were randomised to receive one of oral ondansetron 24 mg once daily, metoclopramide 10 mg three times daily, or placebo. ⋯ Rescue anti-emetics were required in 8 of 33 patients on metoclopramide, 4 of 29 on ondansetron, and 3 of 30 on placebo. The incidence of adverse events was very low and similar in all treatment groups. Neither ondansetron 24 mg once daily nor metoclopromide 10 mg t.d.s. given orally was significantly more effective than placebo in the control of OIE in cancer patients.
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Gan To Kagaku Ryoho · Jan 2002
Multicenter Study Clinical Trial[Anti-emetic effects of ondansetron hydrochloride throughout courses of cytotoxic chemotherapy].
Since the emesis induced by cytotoxic drugs is intractable, and is a possible determinant of a patient's QOL during chemotherapy, the control of this adverse event is essential to complete a course of cancer chemotherapy. The anti-emetic effects of a 5-HT3 antagonist, ondansetron hydrochloride (OND), was evaluated during a course of CDDP-containing chemotherapy. Forty-eight patients with gynecologic carcinoma, respiratory malignancy, or urological cancer were followed throughout their treatment courses. ⋯ Adverse events of this anti-emetic treatment were not observed except for mild leukocytosis in one case, and this unexplainable effect abated without any specific treatments. In conclusion, the anti-emetic effects of OND sufficiently prevented the emetogenic action of CDDP throughout the treatment course, with a special importance for successful control in the first treatment course. The additional use of corticosteroid might enhance the effects of OND for female patients.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Comparison of L-758,298, a prodrug for the selective neurokinin-1 antagonist, L-754,030, with ondansetron for the prevention of cisplatin-induced emesis.
Substance P is localised in brainstem regions associated with emesis. Based on studies in the ferret, it was postulated that a neurokinin-1 (NK1) receptor antagonist would have antiemetic activity as monotherapy in humans receiving chemotherapy. L-758,298 is a water-soluble, intravenous (i.v.) prodrug for L-754,030, a potent and selective NK1 receptor antagonist. ⋯ No serious adverse events were attributed to L-758,298. A single dose of L-758,298 substantially suppressed the delayed nausea and vomiting characteristic of high dose cisplatin and also appeared to reduce acute emesis post-cisplatin. The data also support the proposition that the underlying mechanism(s) of acute and delayed emesis are different.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Clinical Trial
Randomized, multicenter comparison of oral granisetron and oral ondansetron for emetogenic chemotherapy.
To compare the antiemetic effectiveness and safety of oral granisetron plus dexamethasone with those of oral ondansetron plus dexamethasone administered before emetogenic chemotherapy. ⋯ Oral granisetron 1 mg and ondansetron 16 mg plus dexamethasone are safe and effective in preventing nausea and vomiting related to emetogenic chemotherapy.
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Pediatr Hematol Oncol · Sep 2000
Comment Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study Clinical TrialA comparison of oral ondansetron syrup or intravenous ondansetron loading dose regimens given in combination with dexamethasone for the prevention of nausea and emesis in pediatric and adolescent patients receiving moderately/highly emetogenic chemotherapy.
This double-blind, parallel-group, multicenter study compared the efficacy and safety of intravenous (i.v.) ondansetron with oral syrup ondansetron plus oral dexamethasone in the prevention of nausea and emesis in pediatric patients receiving moderately/highly emetogenic chemotherapy. On each day of chemotherapy, patients were administered ondansetron 5 mg/m2 i.v. and placebo syrup orally (n = 215) or ondansetron 8 mg syrup orally and placebo i.v. (n = 223) plus dexamethasone 2-4 mg p.o. ⋯ Complete or major control of emesis was obtained in 89% patients in the i.v. group and 88% patients in the oral syrup group during the worst day of chemotherapy treatment (90% CI: -6, 4) and in 85% and 82% patients, respectively, during the worst day of the study period (90% CI: -8, 3). Intravenous or oral syrup ondansetron plus dexamethasone was well tolerated and effective in preventing chemotherapy-induced emesis in pediatric patients.