Articles: nausea.
-
Eur J Anaesthesiol Suppl · Nov 1992
ReviewThe clinical development of ondansetron for use in the prevention and treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting.
An international clinical trial programme has been established to assess the efficacy and safety of ondansetron in the prevention and treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting. The programme included nine pilot studies and six key placebo-controlled studies. ⋯ The primary efficacy analysis for emesis was based on the assessment of complete response (i.e. absence of emetic episodes or nausea in the first 24 h postoperatively). These trials clearly demonstrated the anti-emetic efficacy of ondansetron in the prevention and treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting.
-
Eur J Anaesthesiol Suppl · Nov 1992
ReviewIncidence and aetiology of postoperative nausea and vomiting.
The reported incidence of emetic symptoms in surgical patients varies from 8-92%. Intractable postoperative nausea and vomiting remains one of the most unpleasant side-effects experienced by patients postoperatively, both in ambulatory and non-ambulatory care, and has potential risks for severe postoperative complications. Multiple factors are associated with an increased risk of developing postoperative nausea and vomiting: age, gender, pre-existing disease, premedication, operative procedure, anaesthetic and analgesic drugs, anaesthetic procedure, and postoperative symptoms. ⋯ Adequate hydration and pain control should be ensured, tight-fitting oxygen masks avoided, and patients should be encouraged to take slow, deep breaths to decrease the sensation of nausea. To avoid side-effects, anti-emetics should be administered in minimally effective doses. If the administration of anti-emetics is initially unsuccessful, it may be useful to try a combination of anti-emetic drugs with different mechanisms of action.
-
Anesthesia and analgesia · Oct 1992
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialVomiting after alfentanil anesthesia: effect of dosing method.
This double-blind study correlated the association of nausea and vomiting after alfentanil with its method of administration (bolus dose vs continuous infusion). Of 40 women undergoing lower abdominal gynecologic or laparoscopic surgery, 20 received an intravenous alfentanil (30 micrograms/kg) bolus dose for induction of anesthesia, with subsequent bolus doses of 10 micrograms/kg every 10 min, and 20 received the same induction dose delivered over 1 min, followed by an intravenous infusion at 1.0 micrograms.kg-1.min-1. ⋯ Laparoscopy and alfentanil infusion combined synergistically to worsen the incidence of nausea and vomiting. We conclude that alfentanil infusion for laparoscopic surgery entails a high risk for nausea and vomiting.
-
One of the most common and distressing side effects after surgery performed under general anaesthetic is postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). Indeed, for many patients, PONV is the most distressing feature of their operation and some may become anxious about having another operation because of this. The medical and economic consequences of PONV can also be serious. This article looks at the incidence, causes, and current management of PONV, and the development of a new drug for the prevention and treatment of this.
-
Gan To Kagaku Ryoho · Oct 1992
Multicenter Study Comparative Study Clinical Trial Controlled Clinical Trial[Evaluation of SN-307 (ondansetron), given intravenously in the treatment of nausea and vomiting caused by anticancer drugs including cisplatin--a placebo-controlled, double-blind comparative study].
Clinical usefulness of ondansetron as an antiemetic for the treatment of nausea and vomiting induced by anticancer drugs including cisplatin (> or = 50 mg/m2) was evaluated by a multi-institutional, double-blind comparative study with placebo with inpatients with various malignancies. In this study, efficacy, safety and usefulness of single dose of ondansetron (4 mg) or placebo (physiological saline), given intravenously for initial nausea and vomiting were observed for 24 hours after treatment. Clinically, very effective or effective response was seen in 64% (16/25) of the group O (ondansetron) and 5.9% (1/17) of the group P (placebo). ⋯ General safety assessment was considered "safe" in 100% of both group O and group P, and there was no statistical difference between two groups. Usefulness was considered as "useful" in 64% (16/25) of group O and 6.3% (1/16) of group P, and O was significantly better than group P (p < 0.001) level. In conclusion, ondansetron provides a safe and effective antiemetic measure when employed therapeutically against nausea and vomiting induced by regimens including cisplatin.