Articles: nausea.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Controlling delayed vomiting: double-blind, randomized trial comparing placebo, dexamethasone alone, and metoclopramide plus dexamethasone in patients receiving cisplatin.
The majority of patients receiving cisplatin at a dose of 120 mg/m2 experience delayed nausea and vomiting occurring between 24 and 120 hours after chemotherapy administration. Ninety-one patients who were receiving cisplatin (120 mg/m2) as initial chemotherapy were entered into this double-blind trial. All patients received intravenous (IV) metoclopramide, dexamethasone, and lorazepam for the control of acute emesis during the period from 0 to 24 hours after cisplatin. ⋯ Scores assessing the severity of delayed nausea and vomiting were consistently worse in individuals receiving placebo. The incidences of sleepiness, restlessness, heartburn, hiccoughs, loose bowel movements, insomnia, and acute dystonic reactions did not differ significantly among the three regimens and were mild and self-limited. The two-drug combination of oral metoclopramide plus dexamethasone is well tolerated, safe, and more effective than dexamethasone alone or placebo in controlling delayed vomiting following cisplatin.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Double-blind randomized cross-over trial of dexamethasone and prochlorperazine as anti-emetics for cancer chemotherapy.
A double-blind randomized cross-over trial of dexamethasone and prochlorperazine as adjunctive anti-emetics with cancer chemotherapy was undertaken. The drugs were compared for cisplatin, doxorubicin and several other chemotherapy regimens. A total of 44 eligible patients were analysed. ⋯ In all cases there was no significant difference for either drug in its ability to suppress emetic effects. Neither drug gave adequate protection against cisplatin-containing regimens. We conclude that dexamethasone alone is equivalent to the more standard dopamine antagonists.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
[Complaints in the postoperative phase related to anesthetics].
In two prospective, randomized studies the frequency of headache, nausea, vomiting, and analgesic requirement during the first postoperative 24 h was observed in order to study differences between the sexes and the inhalation anesthetics halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, or balanced anesthesia with enflurane/alfentanil. Nausea and vomiting were more frequent after enflurane than after halothane or isoflurane. There was no significant difference between anesthetics and frequency of headache, but there were significant differences in postoperative analgesic requirements which were highest after halothane and lowest after isoflurane. ⋯ The second study indicated that balanced anesthesia did not reduce the analgesic requirement compared to enflurane without alfentanil, but lead to a higher incidence of vomiting. After premedication with flunitrazepam and atropine and combined with 70% N2O/30% O2, isoflurane was the most favorable anesthetic agent with regard to the parameters studied. Balanced anesthesia with enflurane/alfentanil did not show any advantages for patients in the postoperative phase under the given conditions.
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Mayo Clinic proceedings · Dec 1988
Idiopathic cyclic nausea and vomiting--a disorder of gastrointestinal motility?
Eight patients (five men and three women) with previously unexplained recurrent cyclic episodes of nausea and vomiting are described. In these patients, the symptoms developed a mean of once every 3.2 months and persisted a mean of 3.5 days. None of the patients had an identifiable cause of their symptoms on conventional diagnostic tests. ⋯ Gastric hypomotility was substantiated in five patients, small bowel dysmotility in six, delayed gastric emptying in two, and gastric dysrhythmia in two. The data demonstrate that abnormal gastrointestinal motility occurs during an asymptomatic state in patients with cyclic episodes of nausea and vomiting. Because all patients with this syndrome had abnormal gastrointestinal motility but normal results of other gastrointestinal studies, idiopathic cyclic nausea and vomiting may be related to altered gastrointestinal motility.