Articles: nausea.
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Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi (Taipei) · Oct 2000
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyComparison of the efficacy and safety of oral granisetron plus dexamethasone with intravenous ondansetron plus dexamethasone to control nausea and vomiting induced by moderate/severe emetogenic chemotherapy.
Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting can affect cancer patients' compliance with cytotoxic chemotherapy. Currently, there are some new antiemetic therapies for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced emesis. A single institution, randomized, open, parallel trial was done to compare oral granisetron plus intravenous (i.v.) dexamethasone with intravenous ondansetron for the prevention of moderate or severe emetogenic chemotherapy-induced acute and delayed emesis. ⋯ Oral granisetron plus i.v. dexamethasone and i.v. ondansetron plus i.v. dexamethasone are potentially equally effective antiemetic agents in the prevention of moderate or severe emetogenic chemotherapy-induced acute or delayed emesis. Oral granisetron with dexamethasone appears to be a suitable alternative antiemetic agent in cancer patients who receive moderately or severely emetogenic chemotherapy.
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Pediatr Hematol Oncol · Sep 2000
Comment Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study Clinical TrialA comparison of oral ondansetron syrup or intravenous ondansetron loading dose regimens given in combination with dexamethasone for the prevention of nausea and emesis in pediatric and adolescent patients receiving moderately/highly emetogenic chemotherapy.
This double-blind, parallel-group, multicenter study compared the efficacy and safety of intravenous (i.v.) ondansetron with oral syrup ondansetron plus oral dexamethasone in the prevention of nausea and emesis in pediatric patients receiving moderately/highly emetogenic chemotherapy. On each day of chemotherapy, patients were administered ondansetron 5 mg/m2 i.v. and placebo syrup orally (n = 215) or ondansetron 8 mg syrup orally and placebo i.v. (n = 223) plus dexamethasone 2-4 mg p.o. ⋯ Complete or major control of emesis was obtained in 89% patients in the i.v. group and 88% patients in the oral syrup group during the worst day of chemotherapy treatment (90% CI: -6, 4) and in 85% and 82% patients, respectively, during the worst day of the study period (90% CI: -8, 3). Intravenous or oral syrup ondansetron plus dexamethasone was well tolerated and effective in preventing chemotherapy-induced emesis in pediatric patients.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Prochlorperazine versus promethazine for uncomplicated nausea and vomiting in the emergency department: a randomized, double-blind clinical trial.
Nausea and vomiting related to gastritis or gastroenteritis are common complaints in the emergency department. The most effective antiemetic agent is yet undetermined. This study was conducted to compare the efficacy of prochlorperazine versus promethazine for uncomplicated nausea and vomiting in the ED. ⋯ Prochlorperazine works significantly better than promethazine for relieving symptoms of nausea and vomiting more quickly and completely in ED patients with uncomplicated nausea and vomiting.
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Int J Obstet Anesth · Jul 2000
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialThe effect of prophylactic glycopyrrolate on maternal haemodynamics following spinal anaesthesia for elective caesarean section.
We conducted a randomised controlled trial to compare the severity of hypotension and ephedrine requirements following spinal anaesthesia for elective caesarean section in women pretreated with either i.v. glycopyrrolate 4.0 microg/kg (group G) or saline (group S). Data were analysed using sequential analysis which allowed us to terminate the study after data from 40 patients had been analysed (20 in each group). ⋯ Intra-operative heart rate increased by a greater amount in group G than in group S (58 +/- 26% vs 35 +/- 21% mean +/- SD;P = 0.002) and there was a greater incidence of dry mouth (75% vs 15%;P = 0.0006) but no difference in the incidence of nausea and vomiting (30% vs 50%;P = 0.33). Pretreatment with glycopyrrolate did not confer an advantage in this study.
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Bone Marrow Transplant. · Jul 2000
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialDouble-blind, randomized, parallel-group study on the efficacy and safety of oral granisetron and oral ondansetron in the prophylaxis of nausea and vomiting in patients receiving hyperfractionated total body irradiation.
The efficacy and safety of granisetron and ondansetron for the prophylaxis of nausea and vomiting resulting from hyperfractionated total body irradiation (TBI) were assessed. Thirty-four patients randomly received double-blind, oral granisetron (2 mg, 1 h before first daily fraction of radiation) or ondansetron (8 mg, 1.5 h prior to each fraction of TBI). Ninety patients who received the same TBI regimen prior to bone marrow transplantation (BMT), but no 5-HT3-receptor antagonist, were identified and comprised the historical control group. ⋯ Complete emetic control (no emesis or rescue antiemetic) over 4 days was more frequent in patients taking granisetron (27.8%) or ondansetron (26.7%) compared with the historical control group (0%) (P < 0.01). Significantly fewer patients taking granisetron (18/18), but not those taking ondansetron (12/15), experienced more than five emetic episodes during the 4 days of the study compared with the historical control group (40/90; P < 0.01). Oral granisetron and ondansetron are safe and effective for the prevention of nausea and vomiting resulting from TBI.