Articles: nausea.
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Propofol appears to possess antiemetic actions. Limited reports have shown benefit with its use as adjuvant therapy with highly emetogenic chemotherapy regimens and as monotherapy with moderately emetogenic chemotherapy. ⋯ Results from well-designed, controlled clinical trials in large numbers of patients are needed to define the appropriate role of propofol in antiemetic therapy. Currently, propofol must be reserved for use in clinical trials or as adjuvant therapy for patients refractory to standard 5-HT3 antagonist and corticosteroid antiemetic prophylaxis.
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Review Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
[Efficacy of ondansetron in acute and delayed cisplatin-induced nausea and vomiting].
Nausea and vomiting have always been associated with anti-cancer agents in patients' minds because these effects were the main ones to occur during chemotherapy. Since 1990, a novel class of antiemetic agents has been available: the 5-HT3 serotonin receptors antagonists. ⋯ A complete control (0 emetic episode) reached at the first course allows the maintenance of the efficacy over repeated courses for the majority of patients. In delayed emesis (24 hours after the start of chemotherapy), it is believed that the serotonin is not the only neuromediator involved in the mechanism.
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Nausea and vomiting in advanced cancer, occurring as a manifestation of the disease process or as a complication of drugs used for symptom control, can be controlled rapidly in most instances using the protocol described. This involves an informed appraisal of the cause or causes of nausea and vomiting, combined with application of knowledge of the mechanisms of emesis and the action of antiemetics. Different mechanisms appear to responsible for emesis after chemotherapy and irradiation and for anticipatory vomiting. ⋯ For less emetogenic agents, dexamethasone alone, or in combination with ondansetron for refractory cases, gives good control. For the control of vomiting induced by single-fraction radiotherapy to the upper abdomen, ondansetron is very effective. Management of anticipatory vomiting should concentrate on prevention, but once vomiting is established, behavioral therapy and the amnesic properties of lorazepam may be used.
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Anaesthesiol Reanim · Jan 1996
Review[Clinical use of antiemetic drugs for prevention and therapy of postoperative nausea and vomiting].
The incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) has not decreased significantly for decades. This study was done to evaluate whether there is a standard method or a preferred substance in German hospitals in the prophylaxis and treatment of PONV. Twenty-one randomly selected hospitals were asked to give details about substances, doses and application times and forms in PONV prophylaxis and treatment. ⋯ Summarising, this study found no routine standard in the prophylaxis and therapy of PONV. Droperidol and metoclopramide were the most frequently used antiemetics. An overview of the antiemetics involved is given.