Articles: nausea.
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Oncology nursing forum · Jul 1990
ReviewPatterns of nausea and vomiting in children: nursing assessment and intervention.
Although aggressive treatments for childhood cancer have resulted in an increased cure rate, increased incidence of treatment-related side effects also has occurred. Nausea and vomiting are two common side effects of cancer treatment in children. ⋯ Focus is placed on assessment, incidence and etiology of nausea and vomiting, patterns of nausea and vomiting, developmental influences on nursing intervention, innovative nursing strategies, behavioral interventions, specific antiemetic therapy, and home care. A need for further study of nausea and vomiting associated with childhood cancer treatment is identified.
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Cancer chemotherapy is associated with numerous toxicities such as nausea and vomiting (emesis). The frequency, onset, and duration of emesis depend largely on the emetogenic potential of specific agents. An exact mechanism for chemotherapy-induced emesis (CIE) is not known but is thought to occur through several noxious actions and numerous neuronal pathways. ⋯ Investigational agents such as serotonin antagonists may prove to be effective with few toxic effects. Despite the minimal information available on delayed and anticipatory nausea and vomiting, attempts should be made to treat them. Suggested guidelines for the management of CIE have been developed.
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Nausea and vomiting are the most feared toxicities of chemotherapy. Afferent impulses from the chemoreceptor trigger zone, peripheral sites, the cerebral cortex, or the vestibular center can initiate the emetic reflex. Antiemetic protection therefore requires interruption of appropriate emetogenic pathways. ⋯ Benzodiazepines are active against anticipatory nausea and vomiting and are also used in combination antiemetic regimens. Although the vestibular center seems to have a lesser influence on chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, vestibular blocking agents such as scopolamine may have a potential role as adjunctive antiemetics. Finally, appreciation of the role of serotonin (5-HT3) receptors in both peripheral and central emetic pathways may lead to a new class of antiserotonergic antiemetic agents.
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Oncology nursing forum · Jul 1989
ReviewManaging chemotherapy-related nausea and vomiting: the state of the art.
The consequences of inadequately controlled chemotherapy-related nausea and vomiting range from minor discomfort to dose-limiting toxicity. Physical complications may occur secondary to protracted nausea and emesis. ⋯ An understanding of the patterns, mechanisms, and risk of chemotherapy-related nausea and vomiting is crucial to providing optimal patient care. Concepts of drug therapy are emphasized as the cornerstone of antiemetic management.
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Nausea and vomiting are frequent disturbances in the first trimester of pregnancy, sometimes they may take the form of hyperemesis, even life-threatening. The authors survey the concepts of the aetiology and pathogenesis of the condition: hormonal, metabolic, psychological. Principles of management using simple methods reducing the ++ill being of the pregnant patients are presented, together with pharmacological management of hyperemesis. The suggested therapeutic methods seem to be relatively safe for the fetus and practically eliminate the necessity of pregnancy interruption for medical indications.