Articles: brain-injuries.
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Arch Phys Med Rehabil · Feb 2003
Multicenter StudyThe association of early computed tomography scan findings and ambulation, self-care, and supervision needs at rehabilitation discharge and at 1 year after traumatic brain injury.
To ascertain the association between early computed tomography (CT) scan findings and the need for assistance with ambulation, activities of daily living (ADLs), and supervision at rehabilitation discharge and at 1 year after traumatic brain injury (TBI). ⋯ The presence of either a midline shift greater than 5mm or a subcortical contusion on acute CT scans is associated with a greater need of assistance with ambulation, ADLs, and global supervision at rehabilitation discharge. Patients with bilateral cortical contusions require more global supervision at rehabilitation discharge but no more supervision for ambulation and ADLs. These findings may aid health care professionals and potential caregivers in planning for rehabilitation and supervision needs after rehabilitation discharge and, to a lesser extent, at 1 year after TBI.
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Arch Phys Med Rehabil · Feb 2003
Multicenter StudyIncidence, risk factors, and outcomes of fecal incontinence after acute brain injury: findings from the Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems national database.
To investigate the incidence, risk factors, and outcome in patients with fecal incontinence after acute brain injury. ⋯ Fecal incontinence is a significant problem after brain injury. Certain factors may increase its likelihood. Further studies evaluating mechanisms of fecal incontinence and treatment or control interventions would be useful.
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Arch Phys Med Rehabil · Feb 2003
Multicenter StudyEtiology of traumatic brain injury: characterization of differential outcomes up to 1 year postinjury.
To characterize outcomes after traumatic brain injury (TBI) resulting from vehicular crashes, violence, falls, or other causes. ⋯ This study elucidated important differences between persons with violence-related TBI and those with non-violence-related TBI. Further research is needed to find effective interventions to address these differences.
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Journal of neurosurgery · Jan 2003
Multicenter StudyTraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage on the computerized tomography scan obtained at admission: a multicenter assessment of the accuracy of diagnosis and the potential impact on patient outcome.
The goal of this study was fourfold: 1) to determine the incidence of traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (tSAH) in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI); 2) to verify agreement in the diagnosis of tSAH in a multicenter study; 3) to assess the incidence of tSAH on the outcome of the patient; and 4) to establish whether tSAH itself leads to an unfavorable outcome or whether it is a sign of major brain trauma associated with severe posttraumatic lesions. ⋯ Traumatic SAH frequently occurs in patients with TBI, but it is difficult to detect and grade. Traumatic SAH is associated with more severe CT findings and a worse patient outcome.
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Journal of neurosurgery · Sep 2002
Multicenter Study Comparative StudyRegional differences in patient characteristics, case management, and outcomes in traumatic brain injury: experience from the tirilazad trials.
Regional differences have been shown in patient characteristics and case management within multiple unselected series of patients suffering from traumatic brain injury (TBI). One might expect that such regional heterogeneity would be small in a more selected population of a randomized clinical trial. The goal of this study was to examine what regional differences in patient characteristics, case management, and outcomes exist between continents and among countries within a patient population included in a randomized clinical trial. ⋯ Despite the use of a strict study protocol, considerable differences in patient characteristics and case management exist between continents and among countries, reflecting variations in social, cultural, and organizational aspects. Outcomes of TBI may be worse in Europe compared with North America, but this finding requires further study.