Articles: brain-injuries.
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Arch Phys Med Rehabil · Jul 1998
Multicenter StudyBrain injury as a result of violence: preliminary findings from the traumatic brain injury model systems.
To identify possible risk factors that may predispose individuals to violent traumatic brain injury (TBI) and to determine the effect of etiology of injury on outcomes. ⋯ Survivors of violent and nonviolent TBI have similar functional outcomes; however, they differ in preinjury and postinjury socio-economic characteristics, injury severity, and postinjury community integration. Socio-economic factors appear to play a large role in the risk for violent injury and in community integration following injury.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Prediction of recovery from post-traumatic vegetative state with cerebral magnetic-resonance imaging.
The early post-traumatic vegetative state (VS) is compatible with recovery. Various clinical and laboratory tests have failed to predict recovery so we assessed the value of cerebral magnetic-resonance imaging (MRI) in prediction of recovery. ⋯ Cerebral MRI findings in the subacute stage after head injury can predict the outcome of the post-traumatic VS. Corpus callosum and dorsolateral brainstem lesions are highly significant in predicting non-recovery.
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Critical care medicine · Apr 1998
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study Clinical TrialEffect of prophylactic administration of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (filgrastim) on the frequency of nosocomial infections in patients with acute traumatic brain injury or cerebral hemorrhage. The Filgrastim Study Group.
To determine whether the use of prophylactic recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (filgrastim) reduces the frequency of nosocomial infections in patients with either acute traumatic brain injury or cerebral hemorrhage. ⋯ In this patient population, use of filgrastim was safe and the agent appeared to reduce the risk of primary bacteremias but had no beneficial effects on mortality, length of stay, or other nosocomial infections.
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Multicenter Study
Magnetic resonance imaging: utilization in the management of central nervous system trauma.
To determine the availability, use, and perceived value of magnetic resonance imaging (MR) in the management of acute central nervous system (CNS) trauma in United States Level I (or equivalent) trauma centers (TCs). ⋯ Most trauma directors consider MR important in the acute evaluation of spinal trauma and, to a lesser extent, for traumatic brain injury. Despite these opinions, the vast majority of these centers reported only "rare" to "occasional" use of MR in the setting of acute CNS trauma. Our results show that most TCs have on-site and continuously available MR facilities capable of cardiac and pulmonary monitoring. Other factors such as the higher relative cost of MR may be responsible for the discrepancy between the perceived value and the actual utilization of MR imaging in the setting of CNS trauma.
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Arch Phys Med Rehabil · Sep 1996
Multicenter Study Comparative Study Clinical Trial Controlled Clinical TrialFunctional outcomes of older adults with traumatic brain injury: a prospective, multicenter analysis.
To investigate improvement rates and medical services costs in older brain injured adults relative to younger patients. ⋯ Although older persons demonstrated functional changes, the cost of change was substantially higher than for younger patients, coincident with longer lengths of stay. These higher overall charges and slower rates of change may effect changes in referral and management patterns.