Articles: brain-injuries.
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Journal of neurotrauma · Nov 2018
Randomized Controlled TrialOlfactory Training in Post-Traumatic Smell Impairment: Mild Improvement in Threshold Performances: Results from a Randomized Controlled Trial.
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) can be associated with partial or total smell loss. Recent studies have suggested that olfactory outcome can be positively modulated after olfactory training (OT). This study's aim was to investigate OT's potential role in smell recovery after TBI-induced olfactory loss. ⋯ After 12 weeks of training, OT patients showed a significant improvement in n-BTt (0.6 ± 1.7 OT vs. -0.6 ± 1.8 nOT, p < 0.05), but not in the smell VAS and BAST-24 scores. Olfactory outcomes (VAS, BAST-24, and n-BTt) were significantly associated with MRI structural findings (p < 0.001), but not with the OB volume or olfactory sulcus length. The present study suggests that 12 weeks of OT mildly improves the olfactory threshold in TBI, whereas the overall MRI score may be used as an imaging marker of olfactory dysfunction and disease severity in TBI patients.
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Intensive care medicine · Nov 2018
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter StudyA multicentre randomized pilot trial on the effectiveness of different levels of cooling in comatose survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: the FROST-I trial.
To obtain initial data on the effect of different levels of targeted temperature management (TTM) in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). ⋯ ClinicalTrials.gov unique identifier: NCT02035839 ( http://clinicaltrials.gov ).
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Sleep assessment in a randomized trial of hyperbaric oxygen in U.S. service members with post concussive mild traumatic brain injury compared to normal controls.
In this exploratory, double-blind, longitudinal sham-controlled trial of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) for military personnel with post concussive mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), self-reports and objective measures of sleep-wake disturbances were assessed and compared to normals. ⋯ Perceived sleep quality was markedly disrupted in mTBI military personnel and sleep-wake disturbances were prevalent compared to a normative cohort. HBO2 relative to sham improved some measures of sleep quality on the PSQI, but other measures of sleep were not significantly different.
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Journal of neurotrauma · Oct 2018
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter StudyAmantadine Did Not Positively Impact Cognition in Chronic Traumatic Brain Injury: A Multi-site, Randomized, Controlled Trial.
Despite limited evidence to support the use of amantadine to enhance cognitive function after traumatic brain injury (TBI), the clinical use for this purpose is highly prevalent and is often based on inferred belief systems. The aim of this study was to assess effect of amantadine on cognition among individuals with a history of TBI and behavioral disturbance using a parallel-group, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of amantadine 100 mg twice-daily versus placebo for 60 days. Included in the study were 119 individuals with two or more neuropsychological measures greater than 1 standard deviation below normative means from a larger study of 168 individuals with chronic TBI (>6 months post-injury) and irritability. ⋯ In the first 28 days of use, amantadine may impede cognitive processing. However, the effect size was small and mean scores for both groups were generally within expectations for persons with history of complicated mild-to-severe TBI, suggesting that changes observed across assessments may not have functional significance. The use of amantadine to enhance cognitive function is not supported by these findings.
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Pediatr Crit Care Me · Oct 2018
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter StudyPresenting Characteristics Associated With Outcome in Children With Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Secondary Analysis From a Randomized, Controlled Trial of Therapeutic Hypothermia.
To identify injury patterns and characteristics associated with severe traumatic brain injury course and outcome, within a well-characterized cohort, which may help guide new research and treatment initiatives. ⋯ Severe traumatic brain injury is a clinically heterogeneous disease that can be accompanied by a range of neurologic impairment and a variety of injury patterns at presentation. This secondary analysis of prospectively collected data identifies several characteristics associated with outcome among children with severe traumatic brain injury. Future, larger trials are needed to better characterize phenotypes within this population.