Articles: brain-injuries.
-
Arch Phys Med Rehabil · Jan 1999
Comparative StudySomatosensory and motor evoked potentials at different stages of recovery from severe traumatic brain injury.
To detect changes of somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) and motor evoked potentials (MEPs) at different stages of recovery from severe brain injury and to determine whether they can be used to predict late functional outcome. ⋯ SEPs from LLs can be very useful in monitoring the postacute phase of traumatic brain injury and in identifying patients who require further intensive rehabilitation. MEPs may be of questionable value.
-
Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. · Jan 1999
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialA double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of CP-101,606 in patients with a mild or moderate traumatic brain injury.
CP-101,606 is a postsynaptic antagonist of the glutamate-mediated NR2B subunit of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. When administered intravenously (i.v.) at the time of injury, CP-101,606 is neuroprotective in animal models of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and ischemia. Minimal adverse effects have been observed in normal human volunteers given i.v. doses of up to 3 mg/kg/hr for 72 hours. ⋯ A Neurobehavioral Rating Scale, used to detect personality changes and behavioral disturbances, indicated that all subjects showed an improvement from their postinjury, predosing baseline but did not significantly differ from each other with respect to type of head injury and/or treatment with drug or placebo. Modified Kurtzke Scoring also showed a similar pattern of improvement irrespective of type of head injury or drug/placebo treatment. This study suggests that CP-101,606, infused for up to 72 hours has no psychotropic effects and is well-tolerated in patients who have sustained a mild or moderate TBI or hemorrhagic stroke.
-
British medical bulletin · Jan 1999
ReviewCerebral protection in severe brain injury: physiological determinants of outcome and their optimisation.
The primary role of intensive care in acute head injury lies in the prevention, detection and reversal of secondary neuronal injury. The maintenance of optimal systemic and cerebrovascular physiology can substantially contribute to these aims. There is, however, a role for novel neuroprotective interventions, many of which are currently under investigation.
-
Arch Pediat Adol Med · Jan 1999
Head trauma in children younger than 2 years: are there predictors for complications?
To determine the incidence of skull fracture (SF) and intracranial injury (ICA) among children younger than 2 years evaluated in a pediatric emergency department for head trauma; whether historical features and/or physical findings are predictive of injury type; and whether clinical criteria could allow a selective approach to radiographic imaging. ⋯ Both SF and ICA are common in children younger than 2 years evaluated for head trauma. Children younger than 12 months are at highest risk. Injuries resulted from relatively minor falls and occurred in alert, neurologically normal children. Clinical signs and symptoms were insensitive predictors of SF/ICA; however, a grouping of features (fall < or = 3 ft [0.9 m], no history of neurologic symptoms, and normal scalp physical examination results) identified a subset of children at low risk for complications.
-
Arch Phys Med Rehabil · Jan 1999
Comparative Study Clinical Trial Controlled Clinical TrialLong-term continuously infused intrathecal baclofen for spastic-dystonic hypertonia in traumatic brain injury: 1-year experience.
To determine if the long-term use of continuously infused intrathecal baclofen (ITB) over a 1-year period will control spastic-dystonic hypertonia in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). ⋯ Continuous intrathecal infusion of baclofen is capable of maintaining a reduction in spasticity and dystonia in both the upper and lower extremities of TBI patients.