• Martin Scharffenberg, Lillian Moraes, Andreas Güldner, Robert Huhle, Anja Braune, Ines Zeidler-Rentzsch, Michael Kasper, Christiane Kunert-Keil, Thea Koch, Paolo Pelosi, Rocco Patricia R M PRM, Gama de Abreu Marcelo M, and Thomas Kiss.
• Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2021 Jan 1; 38 (1): 32-40.

BackgroundVariable assisted mechanical ventilation has been shown to improve lung function and reduce lung injury. However, differences between extrinsic and intrinsic variability are unknown.ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA, intrinsic variability), variable pressure support ventilation (Noisy PSV, extrinsic variability) and conventional pressure-controlled ventilation (PCV) on lung and diaphragmatic function and damage in experimental acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).DesignRandomised controlled animal study.SettingUniversity Hospital Research Facility.SubjectsA total of 24 juvenile female pigs.InterventionsARDS was induced by repetitive lung lavage and injurious ventilation. Animals were randomly assigned to 24 h of either: 1) NAVA, 2) Noisy PSV or 3) PCV (n=8 per group). Mechanical ventilation settings followed the ARDS Network recommendations.MeasurementsThe primary outcome was histological lung damage. Secondary outcomes were respiratory variables and patterns, subject-ventilator asynchrony (SVA), pulmonary and diaphragmatic biomarkers, as well as diaphragmatic muscle atrophy and myosin isotypes.ResultsGlobal alveolar damage did not differ between groups, but NAVA resulted in less interstitial oedema in dorsal lung regions than Noisy PSV. Gas exchange and SVA incidence did not differ between groups. Compared with Noisy PSV, NAVA generated higher coefficients of variation of tidal volume and respiratory rate. During NAVA, only 40.4% of breaths were triggered by the electrical diaphragm signal. The IL-8 concentration in lung tissue was lower after NAVA compared with PCV and Noisy PSV, whereas Noisy PSV yielded lower type III procollagen mRNA expression than NAVA and PCV. Diaphragmatic muscle fibre diameters were smaller after PCV compared with assisted modes, whereas expression of myosin isotypes did not differ between groups.ConclusionNoisy PSV and NAVA did not reduce global lung injury compared with PCV but affected different biomarkers and attenuated diaphragmatic atrophy. NAVA increased the respiratory variability; however, NAVA yielded a similar SVA incidence as Noisy PSV.Trial RegistrationThis trial was registered and approved by the Landesdirektion Dresden, Germany (AZ 24-9168.11-1/2012-2).

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