• Yilmazel UcarElifE0000-0001-8284-1038Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Ataturk University School of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey., Ömer Araz, Bugra Kerget, Metin Akgun, and Leyla Saglam.
• Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Ataturk University School of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey.
• Intern Med J. 2021 Nov 1; 51 (11): 1935-1939.

BackgroundOxygen therapy is required to prevent hypoxaemia during the endobronchial ultrasonography (EBUS) procedure.AimsTo compare the effectiveness of oxygen therapy delivered through high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) and conventional nasal cannula (CNC) in patients undergoing EBUS. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients who desaturated. Patient compliance and satisfaction were also evaluated.MethodsThis single-centre prospective interventional study was conducted in a tertiary hospital among patients who presented to the EBUS unit in 2018 and 2019. Patients were randomly assigned to the HFNC group or the CNC group.ResultsThe study included 170 patients (111 men and 59 women) with a mean age of 58 ± 14 years. The number of patients experiencing desaturation while receiving oxygen was statistically significantly lower (P < 0.001) in the HFNC group (n = 5) compared with the CNC group (n = 26). Oxygen therapy was adjusted in two patients in the CNC group due to desaturation. Saturation was significantly higher in the HFNC group (P < 0.0001) at the end of the EBUS procedure. Heart rate at the end of EBUS was lower in the HFNC group, but this difference was not statistically significant (96 ± 16 vs 101 ± 19, P = 0.13). Five patients in the HFNC group and 18 patients in the CNC group reported discomfort during the procedure (P = 0.006).ConclusionOxygen therapy delivered by HFNC seems to be safer and more effective than by CNC in patients undergoing EBUS. Oxygen therapy with HFNC may be considered as an alternative to CNC because it may increase patient comfort and thereby improve compliance.© 2020 Royal Australasian College of Physicians.

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