• N. Engl. J. Med. · Oct 2020

    Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study

    Low-Dose Edoxaban in Very Elderly Patients with Atrial Fibrillation.

    • Ken Okumura, Masaharu Akao, Tetsuro Yoshida, Masahito Kawata, Osamu Okazaki, Shintaro Akashi, Kenichi Eshima, Kimihiko Tanizawa, Masayuki Fukuzawa, Takuya Hayashi, Masahiro Akishita, Lip Gregory Y H GYH From the Division of Cardiology, Saiseikai Kumamoto Hospital, Kumamoto (K.O.), the Department of Cardiology, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medi, Takeshi Yamashita, and ELDERCARE-AF Committees and Investigators.
    • From the Division of Cardiology, Saiseikai Kumamoto Hospital, Kumamoto (K.O.), the Department of Cardiology, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto (M. Akao), Onga Nakama Medical Association Onga Hospital, Onga (T. Yoshida), the Department of Cardiology, Akashi Medical Center, Akashi (M.K.), the Department of Cardiology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine (O.O.), Clinical Development Department III, Development Function, Research and Development Division (K.T., M.F.), and the Data Intelligence Group, Data Intelligence Department, Digital Transformation Management Division (T.H.), Daiichi Sankyo, the Department of Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo (M. Akishita), and the Cardiovascular Institute (T. Yamashita), Tokyo, the Division of Cardiology, Hamada Medical Center, Hamada (S.A.), and the Department of Cardiology, Saga-Ken Medical Center Koseikan, Saga (K.E.) - all in Japan; the Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom (G.Y.H.L.); and Aalborg Thrombosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark (G.Y.H.L.).
    • N. Engl. J. Med. 2020 Oct 29; 383 (18): 1735-1745.

    BackgroundImplementation of appropriate oral anticoagulant treatment for the prevention of stroke in very elderly patients with atrial fibrillation is challenging because of concerns regarding bleeding.MethodsWe conducted a phase 3, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, event-driven trial to compare a once-daily 15-mg dose of edoxaban with placebo in elderly Japanese patients (≥80 years of age) with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation who were not considered to be appropriate candidates for oral anticoagulant therapy at doses approved for stroke prevention. The primary efficacy end point was the composite of stroke or systemic embolism, and the primary safety end point was major bleeding according to the definition of the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis.ResultsA total of 984 patients were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive a daily dose of 15 mg of edoxaban (492 patients) or placebo (492 patients). A total of 681 patients completed the trial, and 303 discontinued (158 withdrew, 135 died, and 10 had other reasons); the numbers of patients who discontinued the trial were similar in the two groups. The annualized rate of stroke or systemic embolism was 2.3% in the edoxaban group and 6.7% in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.34; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.19 to 0.61; P<0.001), and the annualized rate of major bleeding was 3.3% in the edoxaban group and 1.8% in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 1.87; 95% CI, 0.90 to 3.89; P = 0.09). There were substantially more events of gastrointestinal bleeding in the edoxaban group than in the placebo group. There was no substantial between-group difference in death from any cause (9.9% in the edoxaban group and 10.2% in the placebo group; hazard ratio, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.69 to 1.36).ConclusionsIn very elderly Japanese patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation who were not appropriate candidates for standard doses of oral anticoagulants, a once-daily 15-mg dose of edoxaban was superior to placebo in preventing stroke or systemic embolism and did not result in a significantly higher incidence of major bleeding than placebo. (Funded by Daiichi Sankyo; ELDERCARE-AF ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02801669.).Copyright © 2020 Massachusetts Medical Society.

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