• Ichiro Okano, Stephan N Salzmann, Conor Jones, Marie-Jacqueline Reisener, Ortiz MillerCourtneyCSpine Care Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY, 10021, USA., Toshiyuki Shirahata, Jennifer Shue, John A Carrino, Andrew A Sama, Frank P Cammisa, Federico P Girardi, and Alexander P Hughes.
• Spine Care Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
• Eur Spine J. 2021 Jan 1; 30 (1): 13-21.

PurposeHigh body mass index (BMI) is positively correlated with bone mineral density (BMD) in healthy adults; however, the effect of BMI on regional segmental BMDs in the axial skeleton is unclear. In addition, obese patients often have glucose intolerance and patients with lumbar spine pathology commonly have a history of epidural steroid injections (ESIs). The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of these patient factors on regional differences in BMD measured by quantitative computed tomography (QCT) in a lumbar fusion patient cohort.MethodsThe data were obtained from a database comprised of clinical and preoperative CT data from 296 patients who underwent primary posterior lumbar spinal fusion from 2014 to 2017. QCT-vBMDs of L1 to L5, S1 body, and sacral alae were measured. Multivariate linear regression analyses were performed with setting vBMDs as the response variables. As explanatory variables, age, sex, race, current smoking, categorized BMI, diabetes, and ESI were chosen a priori.ResultsA total of 260 patients were included in the final analysis. Multivariate analyses demonstrated that obese and morbidly obese patients had significantly higher vBMD in the sacral alae (SA). Diabetes showed independent positive associations with vBMDs in L1, L2, and the SA. Additionally, patients with an ESI history demonstrated significantly lower vBMD in the SA.ConclusionsOur results demonstrate that obesity, diabetes, and epidural steroids affected vBMD differently by lumbosacral spine region. The vBMD of the SA appeared to be more sensitive to various patient factors than other lumbar regions.

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