• Si-Lan Gu, Yun-Bo Chen, Tao Lv, Xue-Wu Zhang, Ze-Qing Wei, Ping Shen, and Lan-Juan Li.
• Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.
• J. Med. Microbiol. 2015 Mar 1; 64 (Pt 3): 209-216.

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the risk factors, outcomes and epidemiology associated with Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) in patients with haematological malignancies in a tertiary care hospital in China. C. difficile screening was performed on patients admitted for chemotherapy or haematopoietic stem cell transplantation between 2009 and 2013. C. difficile isolates were analysed by multilocus sequence typing, and a retrospective chart review was performed on all patients with a positive toxin assay. CDI was diagnosed in 21 haematology-oncology ward patients and 14 marrow transplantation service patients for a cumulative incidence of 1.89/1000 and 3.69/1000 patient-days, respectively. Univariate analyses showed that patients who received etoposide had an increased risk of CDI (odds ratio 4.25, 95 % confidence interval 1.32-13.64). There was only one patient death, for which CDI was not the primary cause. Ten sequence types (STs) were identified, of which ST-3 and ST-54 were the most common; the hypervirulent ST-1 (ribotype 027) and ST-11 (ribotype 078) C. difficile strains were not detected in the patients in this study. The incidence of CDI did not differ between patients receiving chemotherapy and those receiving haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The only risk factor for chemotherapy patients was treatment with etoposide. © 2015 The Authors.

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