• Louise Preston, James David van Oppen, Simon Paul Conroy, Suzanne Ablard, Buckley WoodsHelenHhttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-0653-9803Information School, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK., and Suzanne M Mason.
• School of Health and Related Research, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK l.r.preston@sheffield.ac.uk.
• Emerg Med J. 2021 Dec 1; 38 (12): 882-888.

BackgroundThere has been a recognised trend of increasing use of emergency and urgent care and emergency departments (EDs) by older people, which is marked by a substantial evidence base reporting interventions for this population and guidance from key organisations. Despite this, outcomes for this population remain suboptimal. A plethora of reviews in this area provides challenges for clinicians and commissioners in determining which interventions and models of care best meet people's needs. The aim of this review was to identify effective ED interventions which have been reported for older people, and to provide a clear summary of the myriad reviews and numerous intervention types in this area.MethodsA review of reviews, reporting interventions for older people, either initiated or wholly delivered within the ED.ResultsA total of 15 review articles describing 83 primary studies met our content and reporting standards criteria. The majority (n=13) were systematic reviews (four using meta-analysis.) Across the reviews, 26 different outcomes were reported with inconsistency. Follow-up duration varied within and across the reviews. Based on how authors had reported results, evidence clusters were developed: (1) staff-focused reviews, (2) discharge intervention reviews, (3) population-focused reviews and (4) intervention component reviews.ConclusionsThe evidence base describing interventions is weak due to inconsistent reporting, differing emphasis placed on the key characteristics of primary studies (staff, location and outcome) by review authors and varying quality of reviews. No individual interventions have been found to be more promising, but interventions initiated in the ED and continued into other settings have tended to result in more favourable patient and health service outcomes. Despite many interventions reported within the reviews being holistic and patient focused, outcomes measured were largely service focused.Prospero Registration NumberPROSPERO CRD42018111461.© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2021. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.

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