• Jayne A Barbour, Emilija Stojanovski, Lisa J Moran, Howe Peter R C PRC Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia. Electronic address: Peter.ho, and Alison M Coates.
• Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, University of South Australia, GPO box 2471, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia. Electronic address: Jayne.barbour@unisa.edu.au.
• Nutr Res. 2017 May 1; 41: 65-72.

AbstractSnacking is associated with intakes of non-core foods which may predispose to obesity. Peanuts have potential satiety benefits and may assist with weight management; we hypothesized that peanut consumption would reduce intake of non-core snack foods due to compensation. We investigated the effects of adding peanuts to a habitual diet on snacking habits and energy intake. Sixty-one healthy participants (65±7years, body mass index 31±4kg/m2) consumed their habitual diet with or without peanuts (56g/d for 32 women, 84g/d for 29 men) for 12weeks each in a randomized crossover design. Food diaries were analyzed at baseline and after each 12-week period for meal and snack content and timing. Total energy intake was higher (17% for men [P<.001], 9% for women [P<.001]) during the peanut phase. Body weight was 0.5±0.2kg (P=.010) greater during the peanut phase. Snacking occasions increased during the peanut phase (53% for men [P=.001], 14% for women [P=.01]). Servings of other snack foods did not change during the peanut phase (P=.6) compared with control. However, sex-specific analysis revealed that men and women consumed less savory (P<.001) and sweet (P=.01) non-core snacks, respectively, during the peanut phase. Despite increased energy intake and snacking frequency, peanuts may improve the diet through sex-specific reductions of non-core foods; for optimal energy balance, peanuts should be substituted rather than added to the diet.Crown Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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