• Erica Beaucage-Gauvreau, Scott C E Brandon, William S P Robertson, Robert Fraser, FreemanBrian J CBJCCentre for Orthopaedic & Trauma Research, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Level 7, Adelaide Health and Medical Sciences Building North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.Spinal Injuries Unit, Royal Adelaide Hosp, Ryan B Graham, Dominic Thewlis, and Claire F Jones.
• Centre for Orthopaedic & Trauma Research, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Level 7, Adelaide Health and Medical Sciences Building North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia. Erica.beaucage-gauvreau@adelaide.edu.au.
• Eur Spine J. 2021 Apr 1; 30 (4): 1035-1042.

PurposeTo evaluate the effect of the braced arm-to-thigh technique (BATT) (versus self-selected techniques) on three-dimensional trunk kinematics and spinal loads for three common activities of daily living (ADLs) simulated in the laboratory: weeding (gardening), reaching for an object in a low cupboard, and car egress using the two-legs out technique.MethodsTen young healthy males performed each task using a self-selected technique, and then using the BATT. The pulling action of weeding was simulated using a magnet placed on a steel plate. Cupboard and car egress tasks were simulated using custom apparatus representing the dimensions of a kitchen cabinet and a medium-sized Australian car, respectively. Three-dimensional trunk kinematics and L4/L5 spinal loads were estimated using the Lifting Full-Body OpenSim model and compared between techniques. Paired t-tests were used to compare peak values between methods (self-selected vs BATT).ResultsThe BATT significantly reduced peak extension moments (13-51%), and both compression (27-45%) and shear forces (31-62%) at L4/L5, compared to self-selected techniques for all three tasks (p < 0.05). Lateral bending angles increased with the BATT for weeding and cupboard tasks, but these changes were expected as the BATT inherently introduces asymmetric trunk motion.ConclusionThe BATT substantially reduced L4/L5 extension moments, and L4/L5 compression and shear forces, compared to self-selected methods, for three ADLs, in a small cohort of ten young healthy males without prior history of back pain. These study findings can be used to inform safe procedures for these three ADLs, as the results are considered representative of a mature population.

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