• Anna Toso, Serenella Castelvecchio, Lorenzo Menicanti, Marianna Volpe, and Fabio Fantini.
• Division of Cardiology, Santo Stefano Hospital, Prato, Italy. Electronic address: anna.toso@libero.it.
• J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 2022 Oct 1; 164 (4): 1092-1101.e1.

ObjectiveBoth increased natriuretic peptide levels and restrictive filling pattern (RFP) are important risk predictors in patients with heart failure. The aim of this study was to examine the role of the combined use of natriuretic peptide and RFP for the prognostic stratification of patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy undergoing surgical ventricular restoration in the Biomarker Plus study.MethodsA total of 186 patients (aged 64 ± 10 years) underwent echocardiographic study and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide assay at baseline (before surgical ventricular restoration). Patients were divided into 4 groups depending on baseline diastolic filling pattern (RFP/no RFP) and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide level (less than or greater than or equal to the upper tertile value of 2003 ŋg/L). RFP was defined as E/A ratio ≥2. All-cause death or heart failure hospitalizations within 36-month follow-up were analyzed.ResultsDespite similar ejection fraction, volumes, and mass, the 4 groups presented distinct clinical and structural pattern of presurgical ventricular restoration ventricular remodeling and significantly different clinical outcome after surgical unloading. During follow-up, 67 patients died or were hospitalized for heart failure (36%). High N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide levels and RFP, considered individually, were significantly associated with outcome (P < .0001). The combination of both was associated with the highest adjusted hazard of adverse events (hazard ratio, 3.63; 95% CI, 1.73-7.6; P < .0001).ConclusionsThe simultaneous use of 2 markers, 1 biological and 1 echocardiographic, may allow better prognostic stratification and characterization of the distinct structural and clinical phenotypes in a population of patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy undergoing surgical ventricular restoration. This approach could be useful in the decision-making process to guide treatment choices in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy.Copyright © 2020 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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