• Pavlos Texakalidis, Muhibullah S Tora, Casey L Anthony, Alexander Greven, J Tanner McMahon, Purva Nagarajan, Willard S Kasoff, Nicholas AuYong, and Nicholas M Boulis.
• Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States. Electronic address: ptexaka@emory.edu.
• Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2020 Jul 1; 194: 105819.

ObjectiveFacial pain refractory to medical treatments may benefit from neurosurgical interventions. Only a few studies have reported on the efficacy of peripheral trigeminal stimulation and more specifically supraorbital nerve (SON) and infraorbital nerve (ION) stimulation for the treatment of facial pain.Patients And MethodsIn the present study, we identified all patients at our institution who underwent SON and/or ION stimulation for treatment of facial pain due to post-herpetic, traumatic or idiopathic etiology. Relevant pre and post-operative outcomes were analyzed.ResultsWe identified 15 patients who underwent SON and/or ION stimulation. Among them, 12 (80 %) endorsed >50 % pain relief during the trial stimulation period. After a median follow-up of 5.8 months with permanent implantation, 1 patient (8.3 %) was diagnosed with lead erosion and IPG migration, two patients had lead infections (16.7 %) and one (8.3 %) had wound dehiscence. No lead migrations were identified during the long-term follow-up. The VAS score showed a statistically significant reduction from a median pre-operative score of 7 to a post-operative score of 1.8 (p = 0.011), which corresponded to a 74.3 % average pain reduction.ConclusionSON and/or ION stimulation can be an effective treatment for intractable facial pain due to post-herpetic, traumatic or idiopathic etiology; however the complication rate is relatively high. Future prospective studies with longer follow-up periods are warranted.Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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