• Zhi-Hong Jian, Jing-Yang Huang, Frank Cheau-Feng Lin, Oswald Ndi Nfor, Kai-Ming Jhang, Wen-Yuan Ku, Chien-Chang Ho, Chia-Chi Lung, Hui-Hsien Pan, Min-Chen Wu, Ming-Fang Wu, and Yung-Po Liaw.
• Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan.
• Plos One. 2016 Jan 1; 11 (7): e0159683.

PurposeTo evaluate the association between post-inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), pneumonia and lung cancer in patients with asthma.MethodsThe study samples were collected from the National Health Insurance Database. Asthmatic patients who were first-time users of ICS between 2003 and 2005 were identified as cases. For each case, 4 control individuals were randomly matched for sex, age and date of ICS use. Cases and matched controls were followed up until the end of 2010. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to determine the hazard ratio for pulmonary infections and lung cancer risk in the ICS users and non-users.ResultsA total of 10,904 first-time users of ICS were matched with 43,616 controls. The hazard ratios for lung cancer were: 2.52 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.22-5.22; p = 0.012) for individuals with post-ICS TB, 1.28 (95%CI, 0.73-2.26; p = 0.389) for post-ICS pneumonia, 2.31(95%CI, 0.84-6.38; p = 0.105) for post-ICS pneumonia+TB, 1.08 (95%CI, 0.57-2.03; p = 0.815) for TB, 0.99 (95%CI, 0.63-1.55; p = 0.970) for pneumonia, and 0.32 (95%CI, 0.05-2.32; p = 0.261) for pneumonia+ TB, respectively.ConclusionsPost-ICS TB increased lung cancer risk in patients with asthma. Because of the high mortality associated with lung cancer, screening tests are recommended for patients with post-ICS TB.

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