• Yu-Lin Wu, Su-Chen Fang, Shih-Ching Chen, Chen-Jei Tai, and Pei-Shan Tsai.
• St. Mary's Medicine, Nursing and Management College, Yilan, Taiwan; School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
• Pain Manag Nurs. 2021 Dec 1; 22 (6): 755-763.

BackgroundFibromyalgia is a chronic widespread pain condition that is associated with sleep disturbances and cognitive impairments. Neurofeedback has been demonstrated to improve pain, sleep quality, and fatigue. However, few studies have examined the effect of neurofeedback for patients with fibromyalgia.AimTo determine the effects of neurofeedback on pain intensity, symptom severity, sleep quality, and cognitive function in patients with fibromyalgia.DesignThis study was a randomized controlled trial.MethodEighty participants were randomized to a neurofeedback group (N = 60), receiving sensorimotor and alpha rhythm feedback for 8 weeks, or a telephone support group (N = 20).ResultsResults from the generalized estimating equation modelling revealed significant group-by-time interactions for Brief Pain Inventory pain severity (B = -1.35, SE = 0.46, p = .003) and pain interference (B = -1.75, SE = 0.41, p < .001), Revised Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire total scores (B = -16.41, SE = 3.76, p < .001), sleep onset latency (B = -25.33, SE = 9.02, p = .005), and Psychomotor Vigilance Test error (B = -1.38, SE = 0.55, p = .013) after adjustments for age, sex, duration of illness, and group differences at baseline.ConclusionsAn 8-week neurofeedback training regimen of sensorimotor rhythm and alpha brain waves significantly improved pain severity and interference, fibromyalgia symptom severity, sleep latency, and sustained attention in patients with fibromyalgia.Copyright © 2021 American Society for Pain Management Nursing. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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