• G A Brazeau, H A Gremillion, C G Widmer, P E Mahan, M B Benson, A P Mauderli, J L Riley, and C L Smith.
• Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610-0494, USA. brazeau@cop.health.ufl.edu
• J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 1998 May 1; 38 (3): 354-61; quiz 362-3.

ObjectiveTo provide information regarding the current understanding of the etiology and treatment, both nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic, of orofacial pain conditions including temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). This review briefly discusses the etiology and pathophysiology underlying the development of TMDs, generally accepted nonpharmacologic methods of treatment, and the most common current pharmacologic management approaches.Data SourcesCurrent medical literature and the authors' clinical experiences.Data SynthesisTMDs encompass a number of diagnostic subgroups that involve the masticatory musculature, the temporomandibular joint(s), and associated structures. More than 10 million individuals in the United States are affected by TMDs. Most current pharmacologic management approaches in the treatment of orofacial pain conditions, including TMDs, involve the use of antidepressants, anticonvulsants, muscle relaxants, corticosteroids, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.ConclusionInclusion of pharmacists who are knowledgeable in the nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic treatment approaches on the TMD management team would improve therapeutic monitoring, follow-up, and outcomes in these patients.

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