• Michele P Ferreira, César B Waisberg, Conti Paulo César R PCR Department of Prosthodontics, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil., and Débora Bevilaqua-Grossi.
• Department of Healthy Science, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
• J Oral Rehabil. 2019 Dec 1; 46 (12): 1177-1184.

BackgroundCervical spine disorders are frequently associated with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). Although headache is common in TMD, few studies have considered headache regarding the functional performance of the cervical spine in TMD.ObjectivesTo evaluate TMD subjects with and without self-reported headache, assess the active and passive range of motion (ROM) of the upper cervical spine (C1-C2) and performance of the deep cervical flexors, and evaluate the correlation of these outcomes with neck disability and temporomandibular pain.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, we assessed 57 women (40 with TMDs and 17 without TMDs [controls]). The TMD group was divided into 25 and 15 patients with and without self-reported headache, respectively. We assessed the active and passive upper cervical ROMs using the flexion-rotation test (FRT) and muscle performance using the craniocervical flexion test (CCFT). The neck disability index questionnaire and visual analog scale were used to assess self-reported neck disability and temporomandibular pain, respectively.ResultsCompared to controls, all TMD subjects showed reduced cervical mobility on flexion/extension movements, reduced FRT findings and worse performance in CCFT (P < .05 all). Additionally, the CCFT and FRT findings were correlated with temporomandibular pain (r = .4 and .5, respectively) and neck disability (r = .3 and .4, respectively).ConclusionWomen with TMDs, regardless of self-reported headaches, showed limited flexion/extension ROM, limited upper cervical spine (C1-C2) mobility and poor deep cervical flexor performance. Neck disability and temporomandibular pain showed a moderate correlation with the functional test findings, that is FRT and CCFT, in subjects with TMDs.© 2019 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

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