• Sulaiman R Hamarneh, Mussa M Rafat Mohamed, Konstantinos P Economopoulos, Sara A Morrison, Tanit Phupitakphol, Tyler J Tantillo, Sarah S Gul, Mohammad Hadi Gharedaghi, Qingsong Tao, Kanakaraju Kaliannan, Sonoko Narisawa, José L Millán, Gwendolyn M van der Wilden, Peter J Fagenholz, Madhu S Malo, and Richard A Hodin.
• *Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and †Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA.
• Ann. Surg. 2014 Oct 1; 260 (4): 706-14; discussion 714-5.

ObjectiveTo determine the role of intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) in enteral starvation-induced gut barrier dysfunction and to study its therapeutic effect as a supplement to prevent gut-derived sepsis.BackgroundCritically ill patients are at increased risk for systemic sepsis and, in some cases, multiorgan failure leading to death. Years ago, the gut was identified as a major source for this systemic sepsis syndrome. Previously, we have shown that IAP detoxifies bacterial toxins, prevents endotoxemia, and preserves intestinal microbiotal homeostasis.MethodsWT and IAP-KO mice were used to examine gut barrier function and tight junction protein levels during 48-hour starvation and fed states. Human ileal fluid samples were collected from 20 patients postileostomy and IAP levels were compared between fasted and fed states. To study the effect of IAP supplementation on starvation-induced gut barrier dysfunction, WT mice were fasted for 48 hours +/- IAP supplementation in the drinking water.ResultsThe loss of IAP expression is associated with decreased expression of intestinal junctional proteins and impaired barrier function. For the first time, we demonstrate that IAP expression is also decreased in humans who are deprived of enteral feeding. Finally, our data demonstrate that IAP supplementation reverses the gut barrier dysfunction and tight junction protein losses due to a lack of enteral feeding.ConclusionsIAP is a major regulator of gut mucosal permeability and is able to ameliorate starvation-induced gut barrier dysfunction. Enteral IAP supplementation may represent a novel approach to maintain bowel integrity in critically ill patients.

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