• Robin S McLeod, Mary-Anne Aarts, Frances Chung, Cagla Eskicioglu, Shawn S Forbes, Lesley Gotlib Conn, Stuart McCluskey, Marg McKenzie, Beverly Morningstar, Ashley Nadler, Allan Okrainec, Emily A Pearsall, Jason Sawyer, Naveed Siddique, and Trevor Wood.
• *Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY †Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada ‡Department of Surgery, Toronto East General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada §Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Management, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada ¶Anesthesia, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, Toronto, Ontario, Canada ||Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada **Departments of Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, Toronto, Ontario, Canada ††Department of Surgery, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada ‡‡Nursing, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
• Ann. Surg. 2015 Dec 1;262(6):1016-25.

BackgroundEnhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocols have been shown to increase recovery, decrease complications, and reduce length of stay. However, they are difficult to implement.ObjectiveTo develop and implement an ERAS clinical practice guideline (CPG) at multiple hospitals.MethodsA tailored strategy based on the Knowledge-to-action (KTA) cycle was used to develop and implement an ERAS CPG at 15 academic hospitals in Canada. This included an initial audit to identify gaps and interviews to assess barriers and enablers to implementation. Implementation included development of an ERAS guideline by a multidisciplinary group, communities of practice led by multidiscipline champions (surgeons, anesthesiologists, and nurses) both provincially and locally, educational tools, and clinical pathways as well as audit and feedback.ResultsThe initial audit revealed there was greater than 75% compliance in only 2 of 18 CPG recommendations. Main themes identified by stakeholders were that the CPG must be based on best evidence, there must be increased communication and collaboration among perioperative team members, and patient education is essential. ERAS and Pain Management CPGs were developed by a multidisciplinary team and have been adopted at all hospitals. Preliminary data from more than 1000 patients show that the uptake of recommended interventions varies but despite this, mean length of stay has decreased with low readmission rates and adverse events.ConclusionsOn the basis of short-term findings, our results suggest that a tailored implementation strategy based on the KTA cycle can be used to successfully implement an ERAS program at multiple sites.

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