• Heyi Su, Zexun Mo, Zhen Chen, and Zhenhui Guo.
• Department of Geriatric Critical Care Medicine, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatric Infection and Organ Function Support, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Geriatric Infection and Organ Function Support, Guangzhou 510010, Guangdong, China. Corresponding author: Guo Zhenhui, Email: micugzh@126.com.
• Zhonghua Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue. 2017 Aug 1; 29 (8): 760-764.

ObjectiveTerminology of persistent inflammation immunosuppression and catabolism syndrome (PICS) is developed based on the concept of multiple organ failure (MOF), which reflect that the preponderance is gradually reversed from pro-inflammation to anti-inflammation, and eventually the state of simultaneously persistent inflammation and severe immunosuppression appeared. Although the improvement of rescue technology and management increase the early survival rates of patient with critical illnesses, the long-term outcomes of most patients are not optimistic. The patients with PICS are difficult to treat or prevent, and are likely to indolent death and have a rising incidence, which is an important challenge to the intensive care unit (ICU). The paper review the understanding of PICS, summarize the specific changes of immune system in PICS, and explore the immunological markers for early recognition of PICS and judgment of immune state in order to provide new thinking for prevention and control of PICS.

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