• Harish Lavu, Naomi M Sell, Timothy I Carter, Jordan M Winter, David P Maguire, David M Gratch, Richard A Berman, Marian G Feil, Zvi Grunwald, Benjamin E Leiby, Edward C Pequignot, Ernest L Rosato, and Charles J Yeo.
• *Departments of Surgery †Anesthesia ‡Biostatistics, Thomas Jefferson University, Jefferson Pancreas Biliary and Related Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA.
• Ann. Surg.. 2014 Sep 1;260(3):445-53; discussion 453-5.

ObjectiveThis study was designed to determine whether the volume and type of fluid administered for pancreaticoduodenectomy impacts postoperative outcomes.BackgroundThree percent hypertonic saline (HYS) has been suggested as a means of reducing the volume of fluid required to sustain tissue perfusion in the perioperative period.MethodsBetween May 2011 and November 2013, patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy were enrolled in an institutional review board-approved, single-center, prospective, parallel, randomized controlled trial (NCT 01428050), comparing lactated Ringers (LAR) (15 mL/kg/hr LAR intraoperation, 2 mL/kg/hr LAR postoperation) with HYS (9 mL/kg/hr LAR and 1 mL/kg/hr HYS intraoperation, 1 mL/kg/hr HYS postoperation).ResultsA total of 264 patients were randomized. Demographic variables between groups were similar. The HYS patients had a significantly reduced net fluid balance (65 vs 91 mL/kg, P = 0.02). The overall complication rate was reduced in the HYS group (43% vs 54%), with a relative risk of 0.79 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.62-1.02; P = 0.073], factoring stratification for pancreas texture. After adjustment for age and weight, the relative risk was 0.75 [95% CI (0.58-0.96); P = 0.023]. The total number of complications was significantly reduced in the HYS group (93 vs 123), with an incidence rate ratio of 0.74 [95% CI (0.56-0.97); P = 0.027]. After adjustment for age and weight, the incidence rate ratio was 0.69 [95% CI (0.52-0.90); P = 0.0068]. Reoperations, length of stay, readmissions, and 90-day mortality were similar between groups.ConclusionsA moderately restrictive fluid regimen with HYS resulted in a statistically significant 25% reduction in complications when adjusted for age, weight, and pancreatic texture.

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