• Nancy A Pike, Carol A Okuhara, Joy Toyama, Barbara P Gross, Winfield J Wells, and Vaughn A Starnes.
• Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Calif; School of Nursing, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Calif. Electronic address: npike@sonnet.ucla.edu.
• J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 2015 Sep 1;150(3):481-7.

BackgroundPersistent pleural effusions after the Fontan procedure contribute to prolonged hospitalization and increased costs. We report our experience using a modified Wisconsin Fontan protocol to reduce chest tube drainage and hospital length of stay (LOS).MethodsSingle institutional retrospective chart review of 120 consecutive patients (60 before and 60 after initiation of our protocol) undergoing an extracardiac Fontan procedure from January 2004 to February 2007. Protocol influence was assessed by comparing group differences on duration of pleural drainage, requirement for nothing by mouth/total parenteral nutrition, hospital LOS, readmission for pleural effusion, and total hospital costs.ResultsGroups were similar in demographic characteristics, single ventricle morphology, preoperative hemodynamic parameters, and operative and immediate postoperative management. Median duration of pleural drainage and hospital LOS was reduced in the post- versus preprotocol groups: 4 days (interquartile range [IQR], 4-5 days) pre versus 6 days (IQR, 5-10 days) (P < .0001) and 6 days (IQR, 5-9 days) versus 8 days (IQR, 6-13 days) (P = .005), respectively. Pleural drainage lasting >1 week was also less common postprotocol: 23 (38%) before versus 7 (12%) after (P = .001). Fewer postprotocol patients required nothing by mouth/total parenteral nutrition to control effusions: 5 pre versus 0 post (P = .06), and fewer readmissions for effusions (14 before vs 7 after [P = .1]). An average total cost savings of 22% and readmissions savings of 29% resulted in nearly $500,000 in institutional savings over the study period.ConclusionsA modified Fontan protocol resulted in reduced time to chest tube removal, hospital LOS, and chest tube drainage lasting >1 week. There was a strong trend toward avoiding nothing by mouth/total parenteral nutrition to control pleural effusion and lower hospital costs.Copyright © 2015 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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