• Òscar Miró, Gemma Martínez, Josep Masip, Víctor Gil, Francisco Javier Martín-Sánchez, Pere Llorens, Pablo Herrero-Puente, Carolina Sánchez, Fernando Richard, Javier Lucas-Invernón, José Manuel Garrido, Alexandre Mebazaa, José Ríos, W Frank Peacock, Judd E Hollander, Javier Jacob, and ICA-SEMES Research Group Researchers.
• Emergency Department, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; Medical School, University of Barcelona, Spain; The GREAT Network, Italy. Electronic address: omiro@clinic.cat.
• Eur. J. Intern. Med. 2018 Jul 1; 53: 45-51.

ObjectiveTo assess the effects of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) in emergency department (ED) patients with acute heart failure (AHF) on short term outcomes.MethodsPatients from the EAHFE Registry (a multicenter, observational, multipurpose, cohort-designed database including consecutive AHF patients in 41 Spanish EDs) were grouped based on NIV treatment (NIV+ and NIV-groups). Using propensity score (PS) methodology, we identified two subgroups of patients matched by 38 covariates and compared regarding 30-day survival (primary outcome). Interaction was investigated for age, sex, ischemic cardiomyopathy, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, AHF precipitated by an acute coronary syndrome (ACS), AHF classified as hypertensive or acute pulmonary edema (APE), and systolic blood pressure (SBP). Secondary outcomes were intensive care unit (ICU) admission; mechanical ventilation; in-hospital, 3-day and 7-day mortality; and prolonged hospitalization (>7 days).ResultsOf 11,152 patients from the EAHFE (age (SD): 80 (10) years; 55.5% women), 718 (6.4%) were NIV+ and had a higher 30-day mortality (HR = 2.229; 95%CI = 1.861-2.670) (p < 0.001). PS matching provided 2 groups of 490 patients each with no significant differences in 30-day mortality (HR = 1.239; 95%CI = 0.905-1.696) (p = 0.182). Interaction analysis suggested a worse effect of NIV on elderly patients (>85 years, p < 0.001), AHF associated with ACS (p = 0.045), and SBP < 100 mmHg (p < 0.001). No significant differences were found in the secondary endpoints except for more prolonged hospitalizations in NIV+ patients (OR = 1.445; 95%CI = 1.122-1.862) (p = 0.004).ConclusionThe use of NIV to treat AHF in ED is not associated with improved mortality outcomes and should be cautious in old patients and those with ACS and hypotension.Copyright © 2018 European Federation of Internal Medicine. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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