• Congcong Huang, Xiaoguang Zhang, Chaoxuan Dong, Chunwei Lian, Jun Li, and Lingzhi Yu.
• Department of Pain Management, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
• BMJ Open. 2021 Feb 4; 11 (2): e038992.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the analgesic effectiveness of two novel regional nerve blocks in paediatric patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) after open reduction surgeries.DesignProspective, double-blinded, randomised controlled trial.Setting2 tertiary teaching hospitals in China between August 2017 and July 2018.Participants110 paediatric patients aged 2-10 years with DDH undergoing open reduction surgeries were recruited, 95 were randomised and 90 were included in the final analysis.InterventionsRandom assignment to quadratus lumborum block III (QLB III) group, transversalis fascia plane block (TFPB) group and the control (no region nerve block) group.Primary And Secondary Outcome MeasuresThe primary outcome was the Face, Legs, Activity, Cry and Consolability (FLACC) Scale Scores. Secondary outcomes included perioperative opioid consumption, the time until first press of nurse-controlled analgesia/patient-controlled analgesia (NCA/PCA) pump and the total counts number of pressing, length of postanaesthesia care unit (PACU) stay, length of hospital stay, parental satisfaction with pain management and adverse events.ResultsMean FLACC Scores were significantly lower in QLB III group and TFPB group while in the PACU and for 48 hours postoperatively, compared with control group (p<0.0001, p<0.0001, respectively). No differences were found for FLACC Scores between QLB III group and TFPB group, neither at rest (p=0.0402) nor while posture changing (p=0.0306). TFPB prolonged the first-time request for NCA/PCA analgesia, and decreased the total number of pressing counts, compared with QLB III (22.5 (16.2 to 28.7) vs 11.7 (6.6 to 16.8), p<0.0001; 2.4 (1.3 to 3.6) vs 3.8 (2.8 to 4.8), p=0.0111, respectively). No patient experienced any adverse events.ConclusionsWe suggested that both ultrasound-guided QLB III and TFPB should be considered as an option for perioperative analgesia in children with DDH undergoing open reduction surgeries. TFPB was superior to the QLB III because it prolonged the first-time request for NCA/PCA analgesia and decreased the total counts number of pressing.Trial Registration NumberNCT03189966/2017.© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.

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