• Hood Thabit, Alexandra Lubina-Solomon, Marietta Stadler, Lalantha Leelarathna, Emma Walkinshaw, Andrew Pernet, Janet M Allen, Ahmed Iqbal, Pratik Choudhary, Kavita Kumareswaran, Marianna Nodale, Chloe Nisbet, Malgorzata E Wilinska, Katharine D Barnard, David B Dunger, Simon R Heller, Stephanie A Amiel, Mark L Evans, and Roman Hovorka.
• Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
• Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2014 Sep 1; 2 (9): 701-9.

BackgroundClosed-loop insulin delivery is a promising option to improve glycaemic control and reduce the risk of hypoglycaemia. We aimed to assess whether overnight home use of automated closed-loop insulin delivery would improve glucose control.MethodsWe did this open-label, multicentre, randomised controlled, crossover study between Dec 1, 2012, and Dec 23, 2014, recruiting patients from three centres in the UK. Patients aged 18 years or older with type 1 diabetes were randomly assigned to receive 4 weeks of overnight closed-loop insulin delivery (using a model-predictive control algorithm to direct insulin delivery), then 4 weeks of insulin pump therapy (in which participants used real-time display of continuous glucose monitoring independent of their pumps as control), or vice versa. Allocation to initial treatment group was by computer-generated permuted block randomisation. Each treatment period was separated by a 3-4 week washout period. The primary outcome was time spent in the target glucose range of 3·9-8·0 mmol/L between 0000 h and 0700 h. Analyses were by intention to treat. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01440140.FindingsWe randomly assigned 25 participants to initial treatment in either the closed-loop group or the control group, patients were later crossed over into the other group; one patient from the closed-loop group withdrew consent after randomisation, and data for 24 patients were analysed. Closed loop was used over a median of 8·3 h (IQR 6·0-9·6) on 555 (86%) of 644 nights. The proportion of time when overnight glucose was in target range was significantly higher during the closed-loop period compared to during the control period (mean difference between groups 13·5%, 95% CI 7·3-19·7; p=0·0002). We noted no severe hypoglycaemic episodes during the control period compared with two episodes during the closed-loop period; these episodes were not related to closed-loop algorithm instructions.InterpretationUnsupervised overnight closed-loop insulin delivery at home is feasible and could improve glucose control in adults with type 1 diabetes.FundingDiabetes UK.Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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