• Vivian Youngjean Park, Sungheon G Kim, Eun-Kyung Kim, Hee Jung Moon, Jung Hyun Yoon, and Min Jung Kim.
• Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiological Science, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, South Korea.
• Magn Reson Imaging. 2019 Oct 1; 62: 199-208.

PurposeTo investigate the potential of diffusional kurtosis imaging (DKI) and conventional diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in the evaluation of additional suspicious lesions at preoperative breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with breast cancer.Materials And MethodsFifty-three additional suspicious lesions in 45 patients with breast cancer, which were detected on preoperative breast MRI, were examined with a 3-T MR system. DKI and DWI data were obtained using a spin-echo single-shot echo-planar imaging sequence with b-values of 0, 50, 600, 1000, and 3000 s/mm2. Histogram parameters (mean, standard deviation, minimum, maximum, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th percentiles, kurtosis, skewness and entropy) of ADC from DWI and diffusivity (D), kurtosis (K) from DKI were calculated after postprocessing. Parameters were compared between benign vs. ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) vs. invasive breast lesions and diagnostic performances were evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Correlation between the mean values of D and K was analyzed according to lesion type.ResultsMultiple histogram parameters of D (mean, 25th, 50th percentile, 75th percentile, and entropy) differed between benign and invasive breast lesions (all P < 0.005), but none differed between benign vs. DCIS. D-90th percentile differed between DCIS vs. invasive cancer (P = 0.040). K-10th percentile differed between benign vs. DCIS (P = 0.015). ADC-75th percentile differed between benign vs. invasive cancer and ADC-75th percentile, ADC-90th percentile differed between DCIS vs. invasive cancer, respectively (all P < 0.005). ROC curve analysis showed high specificity for discrimination between benign and invasive cancer. D-mean and K-mean showed strong correlation in benign (rs = -0.813) and invasive lesions (rs = -0.853), but no significant correlation in DCIS.ConclusionDKI may aid in the differentiation of additional suspicious lesions at preoperative breast MRI. Both ADC and DKI may have lower potential in differentiating DCIS from benign lesions.Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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