• Res. Vet. Sci. · Jun 2018

    Review

    Minimum alveolar concentration: Key concepts and a review of its pharmacological reduction in dogs. Part 2.

    • Rachel Reed and Thomas Doherty.
    • University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, 2200 College Station Rd., Athens, GA 30605, USA. Electronic address: rreed@uga.edu.
    • Res. Vet. Sci. 2018 Jun 1; 118: 27-33.

    ObjectiveTo outline the major components of the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) and review the literature regarding pharmacological manipulation of the MAC of halothane, isoflurane, sevoflurane, enflurane, and desflurane in dogs. The pharmacological agents included are alpha-2 agonists, benzodiazepines, propofol, opioids, lidocaine, acepromazine, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs), maropitant, and NMDA antagonists. Part 2 of this review will focus on the effect of opioids, lidocaine, NSAIDs, maropitant, acepromazine, and NMDA antagonists on MAC.Databases UsedPubMed, Google Scholar, CAB Abstracts. Search terms used: minimum alveolar concentration, MAC, dog, canine, inhaled anesthetic potency, isoflurane, sevoflurane, desflurane, enflurane, and halothane.ConclusionsOpioids, lidocaine, NSAIDs, maropitant, acepromazine, and NMDA antagonists have been shown to reduce the MAC of inhaled anesthetics in dogs and allow for clinically important decreases in inhalant anesthetic use. Thus, the use of these agents potentially decrease the adverse cardiovascular and pulmonary effects associated with the use of high concentrations of inhaled anesthetics.Published by Elsevier Ltd.

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