• Huub A Lammers, Theodora A M Teunissen, Reinier P Akkermans, Pieter T Wolfs, and Antoinette L M Lagro-Janssen.
• Radboudumc, Department of Primary and Community Care / Gender & Women's Health, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
• Fam Pract. 2021 Nov 24; 38 (6): 705-711.

BackgroundUroflowmetry and ultrasound scanning of the post-void residual volume are diagnostic instruments in specialist urological care of men referred with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). We hypothesized that implementing uroflowmetry and post-void ultrasound bladder scanning in primary care for men with LUTS will reduce the number of referrals to urologists.ObjectiveTo assess the effect on referrals to urologists for new male patients over 50 years of age with LUTS when performing uroflowmetry and post-void ultrasound bladder scanning in primary care.MethodsA cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted among Dutch general practitioners (GPs). The GPs enrolled male patients with the first-time presentation of LUTS, these were randomized to primary-care treatment with or without uroflowmetry and post-void bladder scanning. Primary outcome: percentage of patients referred to urologists within 3 and 12 months. Secondary outcomes: changes in the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and the IPSS-Quality of Life, patient satisfaction and urologic medication usage after 12 months.ResultsFour GPs were randomly assigned to the intervention group (132 patients) and seven to the control group (212 patients). The percentage of patients referred to urologists did not differ significantly between the intervention group vs the control group: within 3 months 19.7% versus 10.4% (OR 1.9, 95% CI 0.8 to 5.0), and within 12 months 28.8% versus 21.2% (OR 1.5, 95% CI 0.9 to 2.5).ConclusionsPerforming uroflowmetry and ultrasound bladder scanning in primary care as additional diagnostic tools do not reduce the number of referrals to urologists. We do not recommend using these diagnostic tools in general practice in the diagnostic work-up of these patients.© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

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