• J Savikko, M Ilmakunnas, H Mäkisalo, A Nordin, and H Isoniemi.
• Departments of Transplantation and Liver Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
• Br J Surg. 2015 Nov 1;102(12):1526-32.

BackgroundEnhanced recovery protocols (ERPs) accelerate patient recovery and shorten hospital stay by optimization of perioperative care. However, experience with ERPs is still limited in liver surgery.MethodsThe implementation of a multimodal ERP was studied in patients who underwent open and laparoscopic liver surgery. An opioid-sparing pain treatment was chosen together with early mobilization and oral feeding, as well as restricted use of abdominal drains and catheters. Date to discharge, postoperative complications and patient satisfaction were assessed. A historical cohort of patients who underwent liver resection served as a control group.ResultsSome 134 liver resections (126 open, 8 laparoscopic) were performed between April 2013 and March 2014. Operations were carried out mostly for malignant liver tumours. One hundred and six (79.1 per cent) of the 134 patients were discharged by the fifth postoperative day. The median (range) postoperative hospital stay was 4 (2-11) days, compared with 6 (4-16) days for the control group (P < 0.001). Only four patients in the ERP group were readmitted and the 30-day mortality rate was zero.ConclusionAn ERP for perioperative care after liver surgery was introduced safely and effectively. Discharge within 4 days is achievable with no increase in adverse events and good patient satisfaction.© 2015 BJS Society Ltd Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

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