• Tuncay Yetgin, André Uitterdijk, Maaike Te Lintel Hekkert, Daphne Merkus, Ilona Krabbendam-Peters, van BeusekomHeleen M MHMMDepartment of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands., Robert Falotico, Patrick W Serruys, Olivier C Manintveld, van GeunsRobert-Jan MRMDepartment of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands., Felix Zijlstra, and Dirk J Duncker.
• Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of the Netherlands, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
• JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2015 Dec 28; 8 (15): 1990-1999.

ObjectivesIn the absence of effective clinical pharmacotherapy for prevention of reperfusion-mediated injury, this study re-evaluated the effects of intracoronary adenosine on infarct size and no-reflow in a porcine model of acute myocardial infarction using clinical bolus and experimental high-dose infusion regimens.BackgroundDespite the clear cardioprotective effects of adenosine, when administered prior to ischemia, studies on cardioprotection by adenosine when administered at reperfusion have yielded contradictory results in both pre-clinical and clinical settings.MethodsSwine (54 ± 1 kg) were subjected to a 45-min mid-left anterior descending artery occlusion followed by 2 h of reperfusion. In protocol A, an intracoronary bolus of 3 mg adenosine injected over 1 min (n = 5) or saline (n = 10) was administered at reperfusion. In protocol B, an intracoronary infusion of 50 μg/kg/min adenosine (n = 15) or saline (n = 21) was administered starting 5 min prior to reperfusion and continued throughout the 2-h reperfusion period.ResultsIn protocol A, area-at-risk, infarct size, and no-reflow were similar between groups. In protocol B, risk zones were similar, but administration of adenosine resulted in significant reductions in infarct size from 59 ± 3% of the area-at-risk in control swine to 46 ± 4% (p = 0.02), and no-reflow from 49 ± 6% of the infarct area to 26 ± 6% (p = 0.03).ConclusionsDuring reperfusion, intracoronary adenosine can limit infarct size and no-reflow in a porcine model of acute myocardial infarction. However, protection was only observed when adenosine was administered via prolonged high-dose infusion, and not via short-acting bolus injection. These findings warrant reconsideration of adenosine as an adjuvant therapy during early reperfusion.Copyright © 2015 American College of Cardiology Foundation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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