• Guanfeng Lin, Xiran Chai, Shengru Wang, Yang Yang, Zhe Su, You Du, Xiaolin Xu, Xiaohan Ye, Jianxiong Shen, and Jianguo Zhang.
• Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), 1st Shuai Fu Yuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China.
• Eur Spine J. 2021 Dec 1; 30 (12): 3577-3584.

PurposeThis study systematically analyzed and assessed the interrelationships among vertebral anomaly location, congenital scoliosis (CS) type and associated abnormality prevalence.MethodsWe retrospectively extracted medical records of 1289 CS inpatients surgically treated in our institute from January 2010-December 2019. All patients underwent spinal X-ray, CT, MRI, echocardiogram, urogenital ultrasound and systemic physical examination. We analyzed information on demographics, CS type, associated anomalies and vertebral anomaly location.ResultsCervical, thoracic and lumbar vertebral anomalies were found in 5.7%, 78.1% and 33.6% of patients, respectively. 82.7% had one region involved. 59.5% with cervical malformations had mixed defects and 61.1% with lumbar malformations exhibited failure of formation. The musculoskeletal defect prevalence was 28.4%, 19.1% and 9.0% in patients with cervical, thoracic and lumbar anomalies. The intraspinal defect prevalence was 33.4% and 20.7% for thoracic and lumbar anomalies. 86.5% of patients with cervical anomalies had more than one region involved, while 78.1% and 62.2% with thoracic and lumbar anomalies, respectively, had only one region involved.ConclusionsCervical malformations had higher prevalence of mixed defects, musculoskeletal and intraspinal defects and multi-region involved. Thoracic malformations had higher prevalence of intraspinal and musculoskeletal defects and more involvement of only one vertebral region. Lumbar vertebral malformation patients had much lower prevalence of intraspinal and musculoskeletal defects and more involvement of only one vertebral region. Cervical malformation was a risk factor for more associated anomalies and more severe vertebral anomalies, which deserves more attention from surgeons in outpatient clinic.© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.

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