• Sara Parini, Daniela Lucidi, Danila Azzolina, Daunia Verdi, Isabella Frigerio, Andrew A Gumbs, and Gaya Spolverato.
• Division of Thoracic Surgery, Ospedale Maggiore della Carità di Novara, Novara, Italy; University of Turin, Turin, Italy. Electronic address: sara.parini@gmail.com.
• J. Am. Coll. Surg. 2021 Nov 1; 233 (5): 583-592.e2.

BackgroundIn 2019, women accounted for 46% of surgical residents. Despite the international debate on gender disparities, no literature regarding the experience in Italy is available. The aim of this survey study was to assess satisfaction among female surgeons in Italy, and determine whether they encounter gender-based discrimination.Study DesignAn anonymous, 83-item web-based survey was distributed among female surgeons working in Italy, from November 18 to December 31, 2020. Gender equity, satisfaction, and factors associated with higher satisfaction and work-life balance were explored.ResultsThere were 3,242 volunteer respondents, 1,833 of whom completed at least 50% of the specific questions and were included in the study. Approximately 54% of female Italian surgeons reported being satisfied with their job, but only 34% with their work-life balance. Among residents, 67% thought they were not adequately trained. The majority of respondents were responsible for most of the housekeeping (60%) and childcare duties (53%), regardless of their partner's workload, and 62% reported that gender affects the way they are treated at work, with most of them experiencing microaggressions. Sexual harassment was common (59%), but only 10% of women reported it.ConclusionsMost Italian female surgeons are satisfied with their professional choice. However, they face gender discrimination, including incidents of sexual harassment and microaggression. Due to the fact that half of surgeons working in Italian hospitals will be females in the next few years, actions are urgently required to build a culture that supports a gender-neutral environment.Copyright © 2021 American College of Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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