• S E McNulty, D Gratch, and J Y Kim.
• Department of Anesthesiology, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107-5092.
• Anesth. Analg. 1994 Oct 1; 79 (4): 675-80.

AbstractWe studied the comparative vascular effects of midazolam and lorazepam in 52 patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery procedures. After administration of fentanyl, 100 micrograms/kg intravenously, the patients were randomized to receive either midazolam 0.1 mg/kg (M high), midazolam 0.05 mg/kg (M low), lorazepam 0.1 mg/kg (L high), lorazepam 0.05 mg/kg (L low), or placebo during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Compared to the placebo and L-low groups, the high-dose midazolam group had more effect on systemic vascular resistance (SVR) starting at 5 min after study drug administration (P < 0.02). M high and L high required increased quantities of phenylephrine administered to maintain the mean arterial pressure (MAP) at > 50 mm Hg after rewarming and removal of the aortic cross-clamp (P < 0.03). In the first 12 h of the postoperative period, the M-high group required phenylephrine (PHE) infusion for hypotension associated with decreased SVR more often than placebo (8/10 vs 1/11 patients, P < 0.008, chi 2). In conclusion, midazolam more effectively attenuated the increase in SVR that occurred during CPB than patients receiving either placebo or lorazepam. The hemodynamic effects from a single dose of 0.1 mg/kg midazolam administered at the start of CPB may persist into the postoperative period.

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