• Gail M Gauvreau, Mark D Inman, Margaret Kelly, Richard M Watson, Sandra C Dorman, and Paul M O'Byrne.
• St Joseph's Hospital and the Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.
• Can. Respir. J. 2002 Jan 1; 9 (1): 26-32.

BackgroundTreatment with inhaled glucocorticosteroids attenuates allergen-induced airway inflammation but is less effective in people with asthma who have noneosinophilic airway inflammation.ObjectiveStudies in which glucocorticosteroid treatment was used before allergen challenges were re-examined to determine whether the efficacy of steroid treatment could be predicted by baseline levels of sputum inflammatory cells.Patients And MethodsTwenty-eight nonsmoking subjects with atopic asthma controlled by beta2-agonists participated in only one of three studies, each carried out with a double-blind, placebo controlled, randomized, crossover design. Subjects were treated with glucocorticosteroids or placebo for six to eight days and then underwent allergen inhalation challenge. Spirometry was measured for 7 h after allergen challenge, and then sputum inflammatory cells were measured. Sputum inflammatory cells were also measured before and after treatment, and 24 h after allergen challenge. The per cent inhibition of the allergen-induced airway responses by glucocorticosteroids was calculated.ResultsInhaled glucocorticosteroids significantly attenuated the early and late asthmatic responses, and the number of allergen-induced sputum eosinophils (P<0.05). There was a significant negative relationship between the number of sputum neutrophils at baseline, and the per cent inhibition of allergen-induced sputum eosinophils measured at 7 h (r=-0.61, P<0.001) and 24 h (r=-0.73, P<0.0001) after challenge, suggesting that glucocorticosteroids are less effective in attenuating allergen-induced airway inflammation in subjects with high levels of neutrophils. There was no correlation between the number of sputum eosinophils at baseline and the per cent inhibition of allergen-induced responses.ConclusionsBaseline airway neutrophils, not eosinophils, can be used to predict the efficacy of inhaled steroids on allergen-induced sputum eosinophils.

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