• P S Reddy, E I Curtiss, R Salerni, J D O'Toole, F W Griff, D F Leon, and J A Shaver.
• Circulation. 1976 Feb 1; 53 (2): 210-7.

AbstractMitral valve motion and pressure correlates of the Austin Flint murmur (AFM) were investigated in nine patients with aortic regurgitation using high fidelity catheter tip micromanometers and the mitral valve echocardiogram (MVE). External phonocardiography demonstrated a mid-diastolic murmur (MDM) in eight subjects and a presystolic murmur (PSM) in five. Maximum intensity of both AFM components was found in the left ventricular (LV) inflow tract; the murmur was not recordable in the left atrium (LA). In two patients, an apparent AFM was recorded in the intracardiac phonocardiogram when absent externally. Only one subject had a significant late diastolic "reversed" or LV to LA gradient; in this patient, presystolic mitral regurgitation was shown angiographically but no PSM was present and MVE revealed absence of atriogenic mitral valve re-opening. In two subjects, a PSM disappeared from the external phono when a "reversed" gradient occurred during the diastolic pause following a ventricular premature systole; this LV to LA gradient was associated with diastolic mitral regurgitation recordable in the left atrial phono. In two patients, LV inflow phono showed the MDM to begin 80-120 msec after the aortic second sound and during the D to E phase of the MVE. The rate of early diastolic mitral valve closure in patients (152 +/- 24 mm/sec) was not significantly different from 13 normals (232 +/- 10 mm/sec). With regard to the genesis of the AFM, the present study concludes: 1) diastolic mitral regurgitation plays no role, and 2) antegrade mitral valve flow is required but simultaneous retrograde aortic flow may also be necessary.

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